DALY: GEOLOGY OF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF LABRADOR. 251 



much after the manner of similar deposits in the High Sierras. 1 It 

 abuts directly agaiust the bed-rock on the east where the lateral 

 moraines are wanting. This great deposit, so unlike in composition 

 and form any other considerable glacial product seen in northern 

 Labrador, was interpreted in the field as a ground moraine. It is 

 trenched to a depth of more than five hundred feet by the Kogarsuk, 

 toward which the rough plain slopes on either side. 



From seventeen hundred to nineteen hundred feet on Kaputyat moun- 

 tain, fresh subangular erratics rest on the ledges. This zone is as recog- 

 nizably glaciated as that of the morainal ridges below. But from nineteen 

 hundred to two thousand and fifty feet there occurred an abrupt transi- 

 tion into the region of an interrupted, typical Felsenmeer in no way 

 markedly different from that on Mt. Foi'd. The rock-fragments are 

 sharp-angled, rusted to the deep brown color of the adjacent ledges and 

 strikingly different from the gray tints of the fresher ledges and erratics 

 below. The transition zone is represented, too, not only in the color, but 

 also in the form, of the ledges. Though rapid, the change can be dis- 

 tinctly observed from well smoothed profiles to those which are extremely 

 ragged. These various phases of transition would be expected if the 

 glaciation of the valley had been purely local ; its existence in no way 

 obscures the essential contrast of the two limiting zones. 



No "erratics could be found above two thousand and fifty feet. Above 

 and below the transition zone, the general declivity is constant in 

 amount, and we cannot ascribe their absence above the zone to a more 

 rapid rate of creeping. The x-esidence of erratics on the tops of isolated 

 spurs in the lowest zone forbids the idea that they could have crept 

 thither from the higher zones. 



The limit of glaciation in the Kogarsuk Valley is seen to be very 

 nearly of the same altitude as on the flanks of Mt. Ford and Mt. Eliza- 

 beth, namely at twenty-one hundred feet above the sea. 



Taking the Nachvak region as a sample of the whole of the higher 

 Torngats, the general conclusion is that these mountains have not 

 suffered, during the last advance of the ice-cap, even the limited amount 

 of glacial erosion that may be discerned on the summits of Mt. Ktaadn, 

 the Presidential range of New Hampshire, Ben Nevis and the neigh- 

 boring peaked mountains of the western Scottish highlands, or the rag- 

 ged outliers of the Scandinavian plateau. It is probable that the higher 

 parts of the Kiglapait and the Kaumajet massifs similarly formed nuna- 

 taks overlooking the late Pleistocene ice-sheet. 



i I. C. Russell, U. S. Geol. Sur., 8th Ann. Rep., 1889, p. 360. 



VOL. XXXVIII. — NO. 5 4 



