2G2 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



the stages must be again and again lengthened over their bed-rock foun- 

 dations in order to secure a depth of water sufficient to float the small 

 craft. Mr. Mark Gibbons, of St. John's, has made a study of the question 

 for forty years, and has come to the conclusion that elevation is in progress 

 along the whole coast. He believes that the rate of uplift is about twice 

 as rapid in northern Labrador as in Newfoundland. He has found among 

 the older settlements of the island some where the inhabitants are 

 in a very unfavorable position for plying their industry on account of 

 the rim of just submerged rock-ledges that obstruct the harbors. He 

 has asked the older men why they chose such locations for settlement. 

 The reply was that they or their fathers had made these harbors when 

 the conditions were very different from the present, namely when the 

 harbors were deeper. Such qualitative evidence, however great in 

 amount, must yield in value to the testimony of even a few bench-marks 

 carefully distributed along the coast. It is hoped that, with the co- 

 operation of Bishop Marten of the Moravian church, of the missionaries 

 under his charge at the various stations, of Dr. Grenfell and of Mr. 

 Ford at Nachvak, a description may be published during the coming 

 year of eight bench-marks fixed by these gentlemen. One of the stations 

 is planned for northern Newfoundland. 



The Scenery of the Emerged Zone. — The coastal landscapes exhibit 

 many details which are those expected after the sea-bottom has been 

 exposed by elevation. They figure among the most striking proofs of 

 crustal movement. 



Within the labyrinth of islands, w T ave-cutting has done little toward 

 modifying the condition of the glaciated ledges. Outlying islands and 

 headlands, as, for example, at Sloop (Brig) Harbor, Hopedale, Cape 

 Harrison and Cape Strawberry, are usually very ragged and wave-worn 

 throughout the wave-swept zone. The same contrast holds in the case 

 of many individual islands which are uninjured on the landward side but 

 strongly fretted on the seaward face. On the wooded hills of Great 

 Bre'hat and Cape Eouge in Newfoundland, where the slates and other 

 sediments present relatively small resistance to sea-attack, the highest 

 shore-line was the more easily determined because of the dissimilarity of 

 the ragged zone of emergence and the smoother, erratic-covered zone. 

 Benches and strong wave-cut cliffs, at all elevations up to the level of the 

 highest shore-line, appear at almost every exposed point on the Labrador. 

 An exceedingly picturesque sea-cliff occurs just above a 205-foot beach 

 on Pomiadluk Point. Others were particularly noted on Cape Harrison, 

 Cape Strawberry, at Sloop Harbor, at Ice Tickle, and at Aillik Bay. 



