138 BULLETIN OF THE 



the lower j^lates only of the mass (the cndoturbinals of this paper), as 

 seen in the hog. In the description of the ethmoid in this animal the 

 •word " labyrinth " is also used, showing that the term had not, in the 

 mind of the writer, supplanted that of " ethmoturbinal." ^ — In the tapir 

 the cribriform plate is said to be reticulate, with long radiating meshes. 

 The ethmoturbinal in this aiiimal consists of many convolute divisions, 

 and each is perforated by many foramina. — In the horse the ethmotur- 

 binal is separated from the nasoturbinal. The same language is em- 

 ployed in describing the ethmoids of other animals. — The giraffe exhibits 

 the upper folds of the labyrinth coalescing in the moderately long arid 

 deep ethmoturbinal. — In the dog the horizontal folds of the " labyrinth " 

 are four in number. Here by the word " labyrinth " the median sur- 

 face of the ethmoturbinals (endoturbinals) is intended. Indeed, through- 

 out the descriptions in this work, the term ethmoturbinal includes the 

 periphery of the lateral mass, excepting that portion lying above the 

 cribriform plate. Thus the os planum and the middle and lower plates of 

 the median surface are ethmoturbinal, while the intervening structures 

 and the superior division are vaguely included in the "labyrinth." This 

 is evidently so in the account of these pai'ts in the giraffe, where the 

 upper folds of the labyrinth are said to coalesce and to be produced into 

 the ethmoturbinal. In like manner, the ethmoturbinal forms the part 

 identical with the transverse lamina. 



J. Chatin (Les Organs des Sens dans la Serie Animale, Paris, 1880, 

 p. 241) describes each olfactory plate as it appears upon the median 

 surface, where it is called a "cornet." The "cornet supcrieur" is the 

 same as the nasoturbinal ; the " cornet ethmoidal," the equivalent of 

 the endoturbinals. No attempt is made to describe the ethmoturbi- 

 nal. It is simply stated to be most bizarre in its construction. In 

 the l-angaroo the maxilloturbinal is called the "volute ethmoidal." 



Kitchen Parker ("On the Structure and the Development of the Skull 

 in the Pig," Philosoph. Trans., Vol. CLXIV. Part I., 1874) calls the first 

 plate of the ectoturbinals the " upper turbinal " ; the first endoturbi- 

 nal, the "middle turbinal." The maxilloturbinal forms the "lower tur- 

 binal." The nasoturbinal is called the "nasal turbinal." In advance of 

 the olfactory region Parker recognizes two turbinals, viz. the maxillo- 

 turbinal and the alinasal turbinal. The first of these has been already 

 noticed. The last named is a ledge-like point within the nostril continu- 

 ous with the ledge supporting the maxilloturbinal. A very good general 

 view of the ethmoid as seen in the hog is shown in Plate XXXV. of the 

 above memoir, — the ectoturbinals being as yet imperfectly developed. 



