UMBRINA LITTORALIS. 143 



II. The tongue is about half the size, placed far back, and is slightly movable 

 at the tip. 



III. The stomach is smaller, cylindrical, pointed behind, and shorter, not 

 extending more than half the length of the abdominal cavity. 



IV. There are ten coecal appendages, which are longer than those in the 

 Umbrina alburnus. 



V. The gall-bladder is pyiiform, and placed entirely behind the right lobe of 

 the liver, without being attached to it. 



VI. The urinary bladder is a long tube, placed on the right side of the rectum. 



VII. The colour is silvery-white, iridescent along the back when first taken 

 out of the water. 



VIII. The dimensions are the same, except in the ventral fin, which terminates 

 with the pectoral. 



Habits. This species of Umbrina makes its appearance on the coast of Carolina 

 in the month of April, and continues with us during the entire summer, though 

 very few are taken in July and August. It is only found in shoal water, where 

 the bottom is hard or sandy, often forming, when the tide is out, an extensive 

 beach. Its favourite resort is in the neighbourhood of the shore, where the surf 

 can roll over it from the ocean, and bring with it, doubtless, the animals on which 

 it feeds. In such localities many are captured with the seine, and are sold in 

 market under the name of Surf Wliiting, in contradistinction to the Umbrina 

 alburnus, which is called the Deep-water Whiting. Its food seems to be similar 

 to that of the Umbrina alburnus, judging from the contents of the stomach, and 

 yet it is seldom taken with the hook. 



