THE MILL. 43 



Studded with hobnails. The wooden cylinder soon gave place to 

 stone for the advantage of its weight, and this entailed the necessity 

 of making the trough of the same material. A mill thus con- 

 structed and worked with one horse, crushed the fruit so rapidly as 

 to make from two to three hogsheads daily. 



" Blind Bayard, worn with work and years. 



Shall roll the unweilding stone from morn to eve." 



Philips, Cyder. . 



Dr. Beale, in Evelyn's " Pomona," speaks of some mills so 

 large as to be able to grind half a hogshead at a time. The con- 

 struction of such a mill required the heaviest and most durable 

 stone. In Herefordshire, the Millstone Grit from the Forest of 

 Dean, soon came to be noted as best suited for this purpose. Such 

 a mill, was necessarily expensive, and so efficient, that at first one 

 mill would serve for the district ; the grist in the shape of Apples 

 and Pears being brought to it from all the surrounding Orchards. 

 In course of time, as Orchards multiplied, every large farm had its 

 own mill, and at the present time they are very numerous and most 

 of them regularly used. The great fault of the stone mill is, that 

 the pulp is apt to roll too quickly before it and the fruit may thus 

 escape being evenly crushed, a fault not altogether obviated by the 

 diagonal grooving. The trouble of removing the pulp from the 

 trough is another of its disadvantages. 



About the year 1689, Worlidge invented a moveable iron mill, 

 which he called the " Ingenio," a name borrowed from the Cubans, 

 who curiously enough grind their sugar canes at the present 

 day, with a machine thus called. With this mill he tells us, 

 that " two labourers, one feeding, and the other grinding, can 

 manage eight bushels an hour by interchanging all the day, with 

 ease and delight." The " Ingenio " was introduced into Somerset- 

 shire many years before it reached Devonshire, Gloucestershire, or 

 Herefordshire, where the Stone Mills were in general use. Marshall 

 speaks of the Stone Mill as "an unfinished machine" — whilst 

 Thomas Andrew Knight, some twenty years later, attributes much of 



