CONTENTS 



CHAPTER 



I . — Introductory 



1, Systematic pomology defined; 2, systematic pomology a 

 means, not an end ; 3, the proper concepts of plant groups ; 4, 

 descriptive pomology defined; 5, relations of pomology to 

 botany; 6, relation of systematic pomology to practical fruit- 

 growing; 7, plant distributions as a part of systematic po- 

 mology; 8, relation of systematic pomology to plant-breeding. 



II. — Roots 5 



9, The root distinguished from the stem ; 10, the root system ; 

 11, adventitious roots; 12, sports or mutations from root- 

 cuttings; 13, the use of roots in classification; 14, duration of 

 roots ; 15, rooting habits of pomological plants ; 16, roots modi- 

 fied by environment. 



III.— Stems 10 



17, The stem defined; 18, grape stems; 19, the growth of 

 stems in length; 20, texture of stems; 21, kinds of stems in 

 hardy fruits; 22, size and habit of plant; 23, thorns, spines, 

 prickles, and hairs; 24, tendrils; 25, the shape of the stem; 

 26, the branching of stems ; 27, fruit-spurs ; 28, annual rings ; 

 29, pith, heart-wood and sap-wood; 30, cambium; 31, the 

 bark ; 32, lenticels ; 33, color and bloom of bark ; 34, stem scars. 



IV.— Buds 22 



35, A bud defined; 36, leaf -buds and flower-buds; 37, buds 

 classified as to position on the stem ; 38, adventitious buds ; 39, 

 buds classified as to arrangement on the stem ; 40, stalked and 

 sessile buds; 41, time of opening of buds; 42, bud-variations. 



V. — Leaves 27 



43, An arbitrary definition of leaf ; 44, kinds of leaves ; 45, 

 the parts of a leaf ; 46, mode of veining ; 47, the shapes of 

 leaves as to the outline of the blade ; 48, shapes of the base and 

 the apex; 49, size and thickness of the leaf-blade; 50, simple 

 and compound leaves; 51, outlines of leaf -margins ; 52, the 

 leaf-blade plane; 53, the arrangement of leaves on stems; 54, 

 vernation ; 55, the petiole ; 56, leaf appearance and fall ; 57, 

 color of leaves; 58, stipules; 59, leaf -glands; 60, leaf-lobing 



