STEMS 21 



and shades of green, yellow, brown, red, and purple. The color 

 of the turion is often different from that of the cane. The color 

 of winter wood is not the same as of summer wood. The delicate 

 powdery coating on the twigs and stems of many plants is 

 known as the hloom. The amount and character of bloom vary 

 greatly on stems and twigs of the different hardy fruits. The 

 bloom must be noted in particular on the stems of brambles. 



34. Stem-scars. — Twigs bear buds at their tips and at regular 

 intervals, in a geometrical arrangement around their sides. Just 

 below every lateral bud is a crescent-shaped scar, where once a 

 leaf was attached, therefore called a leaf-scar. If these marks 

 are examined with a hand lens, from one to several scars are 

 found of the vascular bundles that pass from the woody twig 

 into the stem of the leaf to which is given the name hundle-scars. 

 When flower-clusters fall, an oval or round scar remains, called 

 an inflorescence-scar. In the spring when the terminal bud of a 

 twig begins to grow, the bud-scales inclosing the bud and en- 

 circling the twig drop away leaving a ring of scars, — the ring- 

 scar. The limit of each year's growth is marked by a ring-scar 

 and by them the age of a twig or a branch may be determined. 

 Any and all of these stem-scars may be of use in classification. 



