24 



SYSTKMA TIC PO MO LOGY 



h'- 



not to head l)<ick all of the branches hcarinjj: terminal buds. The 

 latter arc usually leaf-buds ])ut not always, as in the apple in 

 wliicli it is often a (lo\vci*-bud. Lateral buds 

 usually arise in the anprles or axil formed by 

 the leaf-stem and the brauehlet, hence are 

 sometimes called (Lrilhiri/. Accessor}/ or su- 

 prrnuntrraru buds are those formed in ad- 

 dition to the normal bud in the axil of a 

 leaf. 



Buds arising- in the axils of leaves may not 

 develop for one reaiion or another at the nor- 

 mal time, in which case they may be grown 

 over with new wood to become active later in 

 the life of the plant ; these arc dormant, latent, 

 or resting buds. These are 

 most often at the base of 

 stems. Above ground the 

 shoots from dormant or ad- 

 ventitious buds are water- 

 sprouts; if they come from 

 beneath the surface, whether 

 from roots or underground 

 stems, they are suckers. The 

 destruction of the terminal 

 bud and of lateral ones near 

 it may force the growth of dormant buds into 

 water-sprouts, and nearly always causes a more 

 vigorous development of shoots from lateral 

 buds. Plants, therefore, have their tops thick- 

 ened and made hedge-like by the removal of 

 the ends of branches, a process known as 

 heading hack. Bending, breaking, or twist- 

 ing branches, or anything that impedes the fig. 13. Fruiting 



flow^ of sap to the terminal bud tends to ^f's of sweet 



cherrv. a. lear- 

 force the growth of dormant buds. Normally, 



branches appear in regular order but often 

 grow out of place from dormant buds. Dor- 

 mant buds are regular in place of development, but are irreg- 

 ular in period of development. 



Fig. 12. Buds of 

 the peach. a. 

 leaf-liud ; h. 



fruit-l)ud. Spiral 

 arrangement. 



^ 



l)ud ; b. fruit- 

 spur ; c. growth- 

 ring. 



