;{() 



N YS TKM A TIC POM(>L(H,Y 



in wliich the veins all run paralU'l to oaeli other from the base 

 to the tip of tlie leaf, as in the lilies, and the rrtwulatc or net- 

 r({)i((J in wliicli the veins foi-ni a network. All of tlie hardy 

 fruits iiave reticidatc veins. There are, also, two kinds in ae- 

 eordance with the arran«reinent of the ribs. In one division the 

 veins all run from the midrib, as in the i)()m(*- and drii|)<' -fruits. 

 Such leaves are pinndiclif- or fcdthcr-vcincd. In the other 



division, the ribs spread at the 

 toj) of the petiole and run 

 across to the marg^ins like the 

 fingers of an outstretched hand, 

 hence are said to be palmately 

 or digitatcly veined. Currant, 

 gooseberry, and grape leaves 

 have this mode of venation. 



The network of veins is much 

 coarser in the leaves of some 

 varieties than in others. The 

 small areas inclosed by the vein- 

 lets vary greatly in different 

 varieties in shape as well as 

 size ; the areas are more sunken 

 in some leaves than in others; 

 and the coloring of the veinlets 

 is often markedly different. 

 These characters of veins, to- 

 gether with the thickness of the 

 leaf, constitute the ill-defined character called texture. 



47. The shapes of leaves as to the outline of the blade. — The 

 shape of the blade is given in full descriptions of all species and 

 varieties and is one of the most distinctive marks of these groups. 

 The foliar organs of flowers have similar shapes, defined by the 

 same terms. It is necessary fully and carefully to define such 

 shapes of the blade as occur in the leaves and flowers of hardy 

 fruits. 



A leaf is lanceolate w^hen considerably longer than w^ide and 

 tapering toward the apex ; oMoyig when two or three times as 

 long as broad; elliptical when broad-oblong with rounded ends; 

 oval when very broadly elliptical; ovate when egg-shaped, the 



Fig. 20. Leaf of red raspberry. Pin- 

 nately compound ; leaflets ovate ; 

 apex sharp-pointed ; base acute ; 

 margins doubly-serrate. 



