METHODS OF WORK IN SYSTEMATIC POMOLOGY 93 



II. Priority, Usage and Duplication 



10. The name first published for a variety shall be the accepted and 

 recognized name except when contrary to the provisions of this code; but 

 names established by usage in American pomological literature may be 

 retained even though they do not conform to these rules. 



11. A name once used shall not be used again for a variety of the same 

 kind, except that a name once established through long usage for two or 

 more American varieties shall not be displaced for either or radically modi- 

 fied unless a well-known synonym can be used in its place; or when no 

 such synonym is available, the varieties bearing identical names may be 

 distinguished by the addition of the name of the author who first described 

 each, or by some other suitable distinguishing term. 



III. Publication, Description and Citation 



12. Publication consists in: (1) The public distribution of a printed 

 name and description or characterization of the fruit; (2) the publication 

 of a new name for a variety described elsewhere under a different name, 

 number, or other untenable designation, the synonym being given. 



13. Publication of a name may be made in any book, bulletin, report, 

 trade catalogue or periodical of public distribution and bearing date of issue. 



14. But a varietal name may be established by current usage in the 

 locality of its origin, when well-known, and shall be considered as pub- 

 lished and have precedence over a later printed name for the same variety. 



15. Complete description of a variety consists of a detailed account of 

 the characteristics of the plant, foliage, flowers, fruit, and habit of growth, 

 so as to distinguish it from other varieties of similar appearance. 



16. The type of a variety is the fruit of the original plant; and type 

 descriptions or illustrations shall be made from material produced by the 

 original plant, or when this is not available, from a plant as near as possible 

 to the original in asexual reproduction, and preferably grown in the same 

 pomological region. 



17. The full citation of a variety name consists of the name of the author 

 who first described the variety, and the name, page, and date of the pub- 

 lication in which the description first appeared. An author-citation fol- 

 lowing a name refers to the author of the original description of a variety: 

 e.g., Turley, C.P.C. Names of authors and published works may be abbre- 

 viated, in accordance with the usages of this Society. 



Adopted November 8, 1923, at the 

 New York meeting of the Society. 



138. Fruit exhibits. — Wherever fruits are grown in com- 

 mercial quantities or widely for home use, competitive exhibi- 

 tions are held that varieties may be better evaluated. These 

 exhibitions give pomologists opportunities to see new fruits, and 



