172 SYSTEMATIC POMOLOGY 



capacity to withstand rot and mildew, hardiness and capacity 

 to endure hot and dry summers without injury; and the large 

 cluster and berry which are found on certain of the wild vines. 

 The fruit is characteristic because of its dense bloom, firm yet 

 tender texture, and peculiar flavor. The cultivated varieties 

 give satisfaction in many sections of the central and southern 

 states. Like .Estivalis, it is difficult to propagate from cuttings. 



T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas, did much to improve this wild 

 grape, his best known varieties being America, Bailey, Beacon, 

 and ^lunson. 



253. Pomological and botanical characters of Bourquiniana 

 grapes. — Bourquiniana is known only in cultivation. It includes 

 many southern varieties, the most important of which are 

 Ilerbemont and Lenoir. The only northern variety of any im- 

 portance supposed to have Bourquiniana blood is Delaware. 

 Bourquiniana can be propagated from cuttings more easily than 

 the typical ^Estivalis. Many of the varieties of Bourquiniana 

 show^ a marked susceptibility to mildew and black-rot. The roots 

 are hard, branch rather freely, and are quite resistant to 

 phylloxera. 



Vitis (Fstivalis Bourquiniana, Bailey. Bourquiniana differs chiefly from 

 the type in having thinner leaves; the shoots and under side of the leaves 

 are only slightly reddish-broAvn in color; the pubescence usually disappears 

 at maturity; the leaves are more deeply lobed than is common in .fstivalis; 

 and the fruit is larger, sweeter and more juicy. 



The Vinifera Grapes 



Vinifera is the w^ine-making grape of the temperate parts of 

 the world. In North America it is at present grown well only 

 on the Pacific slope and in the Rocky Mountain regions. In 

 other grape sections of the continent it has failed in the past 

 because the plants do not withstand fungi and phylloxera. Now 

 that fungi and insects are so readily controlled by spraying there 

 are no reasons why varieties of this species cannot be grown 

 wherever native grapes are cultivated in North America, unless, 

 perhaps, in the coldest parts, for Vinifera grapes are more tender 

 to cold than other cultivated species. At present its hybrids 

 wdth native species are among the best of the cultivated varieties 

 of the country. 



