THE BRAMBLES 179 



of cold and heat, of wetness and dryness of America while the 

 other, almost identical in plant and fruit, succeeds only in the 

 more equable climate of Europe. 



2. B. strigosus, Michx. (Plate XIX) This species is much like the 

 last, and many botanists combine the two. They are separated, however, 

 by several marked differences. Thus, the habit of growth of the American 

 species is more open; the canes are more slender, are darker in color, more 

 glaucous, and the prickles are stiffer; the leaves are thinner; the flowering 

 shoots, petioles and calyx are beset with gland-tipped hairs and bristles; 

 the calyx is less pubescent; the flower-clusters are more open; the fruit is 

 a lighter red, white- and yellow -fruited forms are much rarer; and the 

 tendency to fruit continuously is lacking. 



Students of this variable genus have separated several other 

 species and at least two botanical varieties from R. strigosus, 

 of which but one other form, var. alhus, Fuller, is of importance 

 to pomologists. This variety bears amber-white fruits, and to 

 it have been referred some of the white-fruited varieties under 

 cultivation. 



262. Habitat and history of the American red raspberry. — 

 The species is common in northern United States and southern 

 Canada, westward to the Rocky Mountains, and on the Pacific 

 coast northward to Alaska. It is found also in Asia. The red 

 species is hardier and ranges farther north than the black 

 raspberry, with which it is often associated in northern United 

 States. Cuthbert, Marlboro, June, and Loudon are typical 

 varieties. Propagation is by suckers. 



Named varieties of the American red raspberry were not in- 

 troduced until about 1860, although it now appears that at least 

 two and possibly three varieties of this species had been passing 

 for some years previous as offspring of R. idceiis. The cultiva- 

 tion of this fruit, however, received its first impetus with the 

 introduction of the Cuthbert in 1865. Pomological literature 

 contains records of no less than 150 varieties that have been 

 introduced since 1860, although probably not more than forty 

 or fifty kinds are now offered by nurserymen. 



The black raspberry. 



The black raspberry does so well under cultivation that until 

 the beginning of the present century it was probably more 



