THE BRAMBLES 183 



abortive fruits is not uncommon. Most of the commonly culti- 

 vated blackberries, as Eldorado, Agawam, Snyder, Ancient 

 Britton, and Early Cluster belong wholly or in part to this 

 species. 



3. Euhus frondosus, Bigel. The plants of this species are of but medium 

 height, with canes erect or arched-recurving, and with stout straight or 

 slightly curved prickles; the leaflets are broad, becoming glabrous above, 

 velvety-pubescent beneath, flower-clusters cylindrical, elongated, provided 

 for more than half their length with ovate-oblong, petiolate, very per- 

 sistent bracts; pedicels scarcely or not at all glandular; fruits subglobose, 

 falling before the bracts and with rather few drupelets. 



The habitat of R. frondosus is from Canada to Virginia and 

 westward to Kansas. This species and perhaps a closely related 

 one, R. recurvens, Blanchard, are probably the parents of the 

 short-cluster berries, as Blowers, Lawton, and Mersereau. 



268. European blackberry described. — The following species 

 is exotic and of little commercial importance in America. 

 Varieties, however, have been widely advertised, and while 

 probably never to become important as garden blackberries, are 

 likely to be represented permanently in America. The species 

 is very distinct from native blackberries, through its perennial 

 canes, and flowers usually borne on terminal shoots. 



4. I^iihufi Inciniatus, Willd. Cut-leaved Blackberry. Evergreen 

 Blackberry. Oregon Evergreen Blackberry. Plants vigorous, trailing, 

 half-hardy, very productive; canes long, the lower part perennial and be- 

 coming 2 or 3 inches in diameter, dark red, few branches, with long stout 

 somewhat recurved prickles. Leaflets 3, broad-ovate, divided into several 

 linear sharply toothed divisions, ribs and petiole prickly, evergreen in mild 

 climates. Flowers in terminal panicles, 1% inches in diameter, light pink 

 or white, 8 to 10 inches long, open, leafy, prickly clusters. Fruit late, 

 ripening over a long season, medium in size or small, black, of indifferent 

 quality. 



269. Habitat and history of the European blackberry. — This 

 blackberry is without doubt a native of Europe. It seems to 

 have been widely scattered at least as long as a century ago, and 

 it has now run wild in several islands in the Pacific Ocean and 

 on the Pacific slope of North America. It is grown for its fruit 

 and as an ornamental in the regions named, but does not thrive 

 in colder climates and nowhere has great value as a commercial 



