VARIETIES OF APPLES 227 



Tree vigorous, spreading, with short, stout, curved branches. Fruit 

 small, round-ovate or oblong, sides usually unequal; stem commonly long, 

 slender; cavity small, acuminate, shallow, narrow, symmetrical, sometimes 

 compressed; calyx large, leafy, closed or open; lobes long, narrow, acumi- 

 nate; basin small, shallow, narrow, obtuse, smooth or waxy; skin thin, 

 tender, smooth, glossy, pale yellow, overspread with deep red, very dark 

 red on the exposed cheek; dots numerous, very small, light; calyx-tube 

 short, wide, conical ; stamens median ; core large, axile or somewhat abaxile ; 

 cells open or sometimes closed; core-lines clasping; carpels broadly ovate; 

 seeds dark brown, numerous, small, plump, acute; flesh white, fine, tender, 

 juicy, brisk subacid; good to very good; July to October. 



335. Red Astrachan (Fig. 57). — The apples are beautiful in 

 color and shape when well grown, but are 

 often poorly colored and lack in uniformity 

 of size and shape. The trees come into bearing 

 young and bear regularly and abundantl}^ 

 but are short-lived and subject to most of the 

 ills that apple-trees are heir to. The apples 

 cannot be handled or stored, and therefore, the 

 variety has small place as a market fruit. ^^^- trachan^^ ^^' 

 Red Astrachan is a Russian apple introduced 



into America in 1835, and is now grown in all the apple regions 

 of this continent. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense. Fruit medium to large, 

 round-oblate, conical, ribbed, sides unequal; stem slender, bracted; cavity 

 acute, deep, broad, often russeted with greenish -russet, sometimes lipped; 

 calyx large, open, or closed; lobes long, broad; basin shallow, narrpw, 

 obtuse, wrinkled; skin thin, tender, smooth, pale yellow often overspread 

 with light and dark red, splashed and irregularly striped with deep crimson 

 or carmine and covered with heavy bloom; dots numerous, white; calyx- 

 tube long, funnelform; stamens median; core small, abaxile; cells closed 

 or open; core-lines clasping; carpels broadly ovate, tufted; seeds small, 

 wide, plump, obtuse; flesh white often tinged with red, fine, crisp, tender, 

 juicy, brisk subacid, aromatic; good to very good; July to September. 



336. Lowland Raspberry. Liveland. — Lowland Raspberry is 

 an early Russian apple very popular in the Great Plains. The 

 fruit is beautiful and of very good quality for an early apple, 

 but the skin is so tender that the fruit is suitable only for 

 home use and local market. The variety was introduced from 

 Russia about 1880. 



