244 SYSTEMATIC POMOLOGY 



369. Bietigheimer. — The fruits are of largest size, for which 

 the variety is remarkable. On tlie other hand, the apples are 

 coarse, ix)or in quality, and droj) badly. The trees are hardy 

 and healthy, and come into bearing early, but are among the un- 

 manageables of orchard and nursery, and are seldom fruitful. 

 The variety was introduced from Germany about 1870, and is 

 now more or less grown in the colder parts of America. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense, with drooping laterals. 

 Fruit very large, round-oblate, with broad flat base, somewhat irregular; 

 stem short, thick; cavity large, acute, wide, shallow, occasionally lipped, 

 often much russeted and with outspreading russet rays; calyx small, closed, 

 with narrow acute lobes; basin shallow and obtuse to deep and abrupt, 

 wrinkled, often marked with mammiform protuberances; skin thick, tough, 

 smooth, pale yellow, washed with pinkish-red, obscurely splashed with deeper 

 red; dots numerous, small, yellow or russet; calyx-tube broadly conical; 

 stamens basal; core medium to large, axile; cells partly open; core-lines 

 clasping; carpels cordate or broadly roundish, tufted; seeds numerous, 

 large, wide, broadly acute, light brown; flesh white, firm, very coarse, 

 crisp, tough, juicy, subacid; fair to good; September and October. 



370. Haas (Fig. 71). Fall Queen. Horse. — Because of early 

 bearing, thriftiness, hardiness, and pro- 

 ductiveness in tree, Haas has been widely 

 planted in America, and is still in favor in 

 parts of the South. It might be a universal 

 favorite, were it not for the poor quality of 

 the fruit. Haas originated over half a cen- 



FiG. 71. Haas. ^^^.^ ^^^ ^^ ^^le farm of Gabriel Cerre, St. 

 Louis, ^Missouri, where it is chiefly grown. 



Tree large, very vigorous, tall and upright, becoming spreading, with 

 long slender branches. Fruit medium to large, oblate-conic, ribbed, sides 

 unequal; stem short, thick, often partly red; cavity acute, deep, broad, 

 symmetrical, covered with thin greenish-russet; calyx small, closed; lobes 

 separated at base, short, narrow, acuminate; basin narrow, deep, abrupt, 

 smooth or furrow'ed and wrinkled; skin thin, tough, smooth, yellow, mottled, 

 washed and covered with bright red or brownish-red, striped and splashed 

 with carmine; dots large, inconspicuous, numerous, pale or russet; calyx- 

 tube variable, long and wide, conical; stamens median; core medium, 

 abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or closed; core-lines clasping; carpels 

 round to elliptical; seeds dark brown, large, plump, acute; flesh white, 

 often stained with red, firm, fine, a little tough, juicy, sprightly subacid, 

 aromatic, a little astringent; poor in quality; October to early winter. 



