VARIETIES OF APPLES 245 



371. Hibernal. Romna. — Hibernal ranks among the best Rus- 

 sian apples in rigorous climates in the United States and Can- 

 ada. The fruit is but mediocre but the tree is vigorous, healthy, 

 and productive, making an excellent orchard plant either to 

 produce its own fruit or upon which to graft less hardy or less 

 vigorous varieties. The variety was imported from Russia be- 

 tween 1870 and 1880. 



Tree vigorous, spreading, drooping. Fruit large, usually oblate-conic, 

 often with sides unequal; stem short and stout, pubescent; cavity large, 

 acute, deep, wide, furrowed, occasionally lipped, russeted; calyx large, open 

 or partly closed; lobes broad, acute; basin large, often oblique, narrow, 

 abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled; skin thick, tough, roughened with flecks 

 of russet; color pale yellow, with thin bloom, blushed and striped with 

 bright carmine; dots numerous, pale yellow or gray, conspicuous; calyx- 

 tube long, wide, funnel-shape; stamens median; core small, axile; cells 

 closed; core-lines meeting; carpels round-ovate, emarginate, tufted; seeds 

 small, short, plump, obtuse, dark broAvn; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, juicy, 

 brisk subacid; astringent; fair to good; September to January. 



372. Gravenstein (Fig. 72).— All lovers of fruits value Grav- 

 enstein for its crisp, tender, sprightly, juicy, 

 richly-flavored, aromatic apples. The trees 

 are vigorous but subject to sun-scald and 

 apple-canker, and do not hold their load 

 well. Unfortunately, the variety is fastidi- 

 ous as to both soil and climate, and is grown 

 in highest perfection in but few localities. ^^^- ^stein^^^^^° 

 Nova Scotia, where it becomes a winter apple, 



seems best suited to its needs. Gravenstein is an old German 

 apple which has been in America probably a hundred years or 

 more. 



Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, open. Fruit large, oblate or 

 round, somewhat irregular, broad at the base, angular, narrow to broad, 

 irregularly russeted; calyx large, open or closed; lobes large, long, very 

 broad, acute; basin irregular, wide, obtuse to abrupt, wrinkled; skin thin, 

 tender, rough, greenish-yellow or orange -yellow overlaid with broken stripes 

 of light and dark red; dots few, small, light; calyx-tube large, conical; 

 stamens median; core medium in size, strongly abaxile; cells open; core- 

 lines clasping the funnel cylinder; carpels broad-ovate, emarginate; seeds 

 large, long, plump, acute, brown; flesh yellow, firm, fine, crisp, tender, 

 juicy, sprightly subacid,, aromatic; very good to best; late September to 

 November. 



