VARIETIES OF APPLES 267 



kee, Wisconsin, about 1870. It is gi'own only where hardiness 

 is a prime requisite. 



Tree vigorous, large, upright-spreading or round, open, with stout curved 

 branches. Fruit large, round-oblate, sometimes round-ovate, characteris- 

 tically rounded toward the cavity, ribbed, more or less irregularly elliptical ; 

 •stem short, often fleshy, inserted under a lip; cavity large, sometimes 

 scarcely developed, narrow, very shallow, often furrowed and sometimes 

 thinly russeted; calyx large, open or closed; basin usually abrupt, wrinkled; 

 skin smooth, thin, tough, yellow washed and mottled with orange-red or red 

 striped and splashed with carmine, covered with bloom; dots conspicuous, 

 pale gray or white; calyx-tube funnelform; stamens median; core large, 

 axile to abaxile; cells irregularly developed, usually closed or slit; core- 

 lines clasping the funnel cylinder; carpels obcordate, tufted; seeds numer- 

 ous, large, long, narrow, acute, plump, tufted, light brown; flesh white, 

 firm, coarse, tender, very juicy, subacid, aromatic; fair to good; November 

 to April. 



413. Blue Pearmain (Fig. 93) is characterized by fruits 

 with bluish bloom, purplish color, ribbed 

 or sometimes furrowed surface, thick skin, 

 and mild pleasant flavor, and the hardiness 

 of the trees. The fruit does not keep 

 well, and the quality is not sufficiently high 

 to make the variety worthy except when 

 hardiness is necessary. Blue Pearmain f'iG. 93. Blue Pear- 

 is known to be at least a hundred years 



old. The variety is widely grown only in New England. 



Tree large, vigorous, spreading. Fruit large, round to oblate, irregular, 

 often obscurely ribbed, sometimes furrowed from the cavity nearly to the 

 basin; stem short, thick; cavity deep, obscurely furrowed, usually covered 

 with greenish-russet; calyx partly open, acute lobes; basin medium in 

 depth and width, with concentric gray or russet lines, obscurely furrowed; 

 skin rough, yellow, washed and mottled with red, often deepening on one 

 side to nearly solid red, splashed and striped with deep purplish-carmine 

 and overspread wilh bloom ; dots numerous, small, pale, mingled with 

 others which are very large, gray with russet center; with irregular lines 

 or flecks of dull green or russet; calyx-tube elongated-conical; stamens 

 basal; core large, axile, closed or open; core-lines clasping; carpels broad, 

 elongated or round, tufted; seeds long, acuminate, light brown; flesh yel- 

 low, firm, coarse, juicy, mild, subacid, agreeably aromatic; good; October 

 till March. 



414. Fallawater. Tulpahocken. — The fruits of Fallawater are 

 unique, easily recognized by their large size, globular form, and 



