VABIETIES OF APPLES 271 



wrinkled; skin smooth or roughened with russet dots, pale yellow more or 

 less blushed and mottled with red and indistinctly striped with darker red; 

 calyx-tube wide^ truncate cone-shape with fleshy pistil point projecting into 

 the base; stamens median; core small, axile; cells closed or partly open; 

 core-lines meeting; carpels thin, tender, flat, broadly round to obcordate, 

 emarginate, mucronate, tufted; seeds few, long acute, tufted; flesh yellow, 

 firm, fine, breaking, tender, juicy, sprightly, mild subacid; fair to good; 

 November to April. 



420. Winesap (Fig. 98) thrives on both the Atlantic and 

 Pacific seaboards and in most of the apple regions that lie be- 

 tween. Its adaptability to various soils and climates is the chief 

 asset of the variety, but it has excellent 

 qualities of fruit and tree besides. The 

 apples are bright deep red, striped and 

 blotched with dark purple, Avith smooth 

 glossy texture and soft bloom. The coarse 

 yellow flesh, with veins tinged with red, is 

 distinctive, as is, also, the sprightly subacid p^^ ^os^'winesap 

 flavor. The apples keep and ship well, 

 though they often scald in cold storage. The trees are vigorous, 

 come in bearing early, and on light, rich, deep, well-drained 

 soils are remarkably productive and regular bearers ; they are 

 precariously hardy and will grow only where the season is long. 

 The origin of the variety is unknown, but it dates well back into 

 the Colonial period. 



Tree vigorous, round-spreading, straggling and open. Fruit medium to 

 large, usually conical, sometimes round, truncal 3 at base, regular or 

 obscurely ribbed, symmetrical; stem short, slender; cavity small, 

 acute, narrow, deep, furrowed, often lipped, russeted or with russet rays; 

 calyx large, closed; lobes long, narrow, acuminate; basin small, often 

 oblique, shallow, narrow, distinctly furrowed, wrinkled; skin tough, smooth, 

 glossy, bright red indistinctly striped and blotched with dark red over a 

 yellow ground-color, overspread with faint bloom; dots small, scattering, 

 white; calyx-tube variable, conical; stamens marginal; core small, abaxile 

 with a hollow cylinder in the axis, narrowing toward the apex; cells open 

 or nearly closed; core-lines clasping; carpels broadly round, concave, 

 mucronate; seeds wide, plump, obtuse; flesh yellow, veins sometimes red, 

 firm, coarse, crisp, juicy, sprightly subacid; good to very good; October 

 to March. 



421. Stayman (Fig. 99). Stayman Winesap. — Stayman is a 

 seedling of Winesap, which it resembles, but surpasses in several 



