274 SYSTEMATIC POMOLOar 



slender; cavity large and widr, (ddiisi-, jjlialKtu, ^tutly furrowed, sometimes 

 thinly russeted; calyx small, closed; lobes small, acute; basin wide, shallow, 

 obtuse, narrowly ridged and wrinkled; skin thick, tough, smooth, glossy 

 with a deep red blush which is often irregularly and shari)ly outlined 

 against the pale yellow groundcolor; dots white or with russet points, 

 inconspicuous; calyx-tube conical with short truncate cylinder; stamens 

 marginal; core small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core-lines clasping; 

 carpels smooth, round or elliptical, emarginate, mucronate; seeds plump, 

 wide, obtuse, completely filling the cells; flesh white, firm, fine-grained, 

 crisp, tender, juicy, aromatic, mild subacid; good to very good; December 

 to May. 



425. Bismarck is of the type of the better-known Alexander. 

 Tlie trees l)e«riii bearing as soon as established, often in the 

 nursery row; they are also hardy, healthy, produetive, and 

 annual in bearing; and have a dwarf habit, scarcely attaining 

 the dignity of a tree, a fact which fits them for fillers and for 

 close plantings. The apples are large and handsome, but too 

 poor in quality for even a good culinary fruit. Bismarck 

 originated in New Zealand, and was introduced into America 

 about 1895. 



Tree dwarf, spreading, open with very short stout drooping branches. 

 Fruit large, uniform in size and shape, round oblate, flattened at the base, 

 regular, sides often unequal; stem short, thick; cavity large, acuminate, 

 wide, deep, often compressed, green or russet with outspreading russet 

 rays; calyx large, open, with short, broad, obtuse lobes; basin large, sym- 

 metrical, deep, wide, abrupt, sometimes broadly furrowed and wrinkled; 

 skin thick, tough, smooth, yellow washed, mottled and striped with two 

 shades of red becoming solid dark red on the exposed cheek, overspread 

 with thin bloom and often marked with scarf-skin about the base; dots 

 minute, russet or large and pale gray; calyx -tube wide, broadly conical; 

 stamens basal; core small, axile to abaxile; cells closed or open; core-lines 

 meeting; carpels flat, broadly ovate, tufted; seeds few, often abortive, 

 wide, short, pluuip, obtuse, brown; flesh white, firm, coarse, tender, juicy, 

 subacid; fair to good; October to early winter. 



426. Buckingham (Fig. 103) is a south- 

 ern apple, attaining on the Atlantic seaboard 

 perfection in form and color, and having 

 a rich pleasant flavor. In the North, the 

 apples do not develop high color nor good 

 quality, and the trees are unproductive 

 ^''' ^^hai^'''^'''^" and irregular in bearing. Buckingham has 



