VARIETIES OF GRAPES 397 



ter protection ; they are not vigorous and are inclined to over- 

 bear, to remedy which they must have close pruning. lona 

 originated with C. W. Grant, lona Island, New York, from seed 

 planted in 1885. 



Vine weak, doubtfully hardy, unproductive. Leaves thick; lobes 3-5 

 with terminal one acute; petiolar sinus of medium depth and width; basal 

 sinus shallow; lateral sinus shallow, wide; teeth shallow. Flowers self- 

 fertile, open late; stamens upright. Fruit late. Clusters medium in size, 

 sometimes double-shouldered, slender, tapering, loose; brush pale green. 

 Berries uniform, oval, round, dull, light and dark red with thin bloom, 

 persistent, firm ; skin tough, adherent, slightly astringent ; flesh green, 

 translucent, juicy, fine-grained, tender, melting, vinous; very good. Seeds 

 free, 1-4, small, broad, plump, brown. 



609. Catawba (Fig. 225) has long been the standard red 

 grape in the markets of eastern America, 

 chiefly because the fruit keeps well and is of 

 high quality. The vine is vigorous, hardy, 

 and productive, but the foliage and fruit are 

 susceptible to fungi. Catawba was intro- 

 duced by John Adlum, District of Columbia, 

 about 1823. Adlum secured cuttings from 

 a Mrs. Scholl, Clarksburgh, Montgomery 



County, Maryland, in the spring of 1819. 



T^ r? " ^1 1 • . • ,1 Fig. 225. Catawba. 



Its further history is not known. 



Vine vigorous, hardy, productive. Leaves large; lobes sometimes 3, termi- 

 nal one acute; petiolar sinus often lacking; lateral sinus narroAv; teeth 

 shallow, narrow. Flowers self -sterile, open late; stamens upright. Fruit 

 late. Clusters large, long, broad, tapering, single- or sometimes double- 

 shouldered, loose; pedicel with a few inconspicuous warts; brush short, 

 pale green. Berries of medium size, oval, dull purplish-red with thick bloom, 

 firm; skin thick, adherent, astringent; flesh green, translucent, juicy, fine- 

 grained, vinous, sprightly, sweet and rich ; very good. Seeds free, fre- 

 quently abortive, 2, broad-necked, distinctly notched, blunt, brown. 



610. Vergennes (Fig. 226).— The most valuable attribute of 

 Vergennes is certainly in bearing. Vergennes is unpopular with 

 vineyardists because of the sprawling habit of the vines, which 

 makes them untractable for vineyard operations ; this fault is 

 obviated by gi^afting on other vines. The grapes are attractive, 



