VARIETIES OF RASPBERRIES 421 



the base. Fruit late, medium in size, broad-ovate, dull purple; drupelets 

 small, numerous, round; flesh rather dry, firm, subacid, insipid; quality 

 rather poor; seeds small. 



656. ShafiFer. R. stngosus X R- occidenfitalis. — Shaffer is the 

 oldest standard purple raspberry, and was for many years the 

 most prized. It is now being superseded by Columbian, which 

 resembles but surpasses it, as noted in the discussion of that 

 variety. It is still grown for canning. The propagation of 

 Shaffer is mostly by tips, as it does not sucker well. The plants 

 lack hardiness. The variety originated with George Shaffer, 

 Scottsville, New York, about 1871. 



Plants tall, very vigorous, very productive, lacking in hardiness; canes 

 long, numerous, reddish -brown, with numerous stray prickles. Leaflets 3, 

 rugose, glabrous and dark green above, gray-green and pubescent beneath. 

 Flowers 12-14 in long, open, leafy, prickly clusters. Fruit late, large, dull 

 purple, broadly hemispherical; drupelets large, numerous, round; flesh 

 juicy, rather soft, sprightly, aromatic; quality good; seeds small. 



657. Sunbeam. E. strigosus X- — Sunbeam is a new and very 

 hardy red raspberry which originated with N. E. Hansen of 

 the South Dakota Experiment Station, Brookings, South Dakota. 

 It is considered very promising for the northern Great Plains 

 region, where great hardiness and capacity to withstand summer 

 drought are required. The variety was introduced in 1913. 



Plants tall, vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; canes very numerous, 

 dull reddish -brown, Avith many sharp slender prickles. Leaflets glabrous 

 above, pubescent beneath, terminal one lobed. Flowers 5-8 in short open 

 clusters with slender red prickles. Fruit late midseason, below the average 

 in size, variable, hemispherical, dark red ; drupelets of medium size, coher- 

 ing well; flesh soft, too acid except for culinary purposes; quality fair; 

 seeds small. 



658. Superlative. R. klceiis, — Superlative is an old English 

 variety, now grown wherever the red raspberry is cultivated, 

 and regarded as a standard. Unfortunately the canes are not 

 sufficiently hardy, vigorous, or productive for the eastern United 

 States, but the variety is highly prized on the Pacific slope, 

 especially near San Francisco. It was introduced in England 

 in 1888, and was soon after brought to America. 



Plants rather dwarf, not very vigorous, productive only in certain locali- 

 ties, tender to cold; canes slender, numerous; typical of B. idceiis in leaf 



