480 SYSTEMATIC J'OMOLOGY 



Scarfslin. The rou^lioiuMl outi-r skin of :i poiiu' fruit. 



Scarious. Tliin, dry, and nienihranaccous, not ^rcen. 



Seed. The ripened ovule, consist iufx of the embryo and its coats. 



Seedling. A i)lant growinj; directly from seed, without the intervention 



of grafts, layers or cuttings. 

 Segment. One of the parts of a leaf or other like organ that is cleft or 



divided. 

 Self-eolored. Of one color ; not striped or particolored. 

 S elf -f (Utilisation. Action of pollen upon a i)istil of the same flower; close- 

 fertilization. 

 Sepal. A division of a calyx. 

 Serrate. Having sharp teeth pointing forward. 

 Sessile. Without footstalk of any kind. 



Shrub. A woody perennial, smaller than a tree, usually with several stems. 

 Silky. Covered with close-pressed soft pubescence. 

 Simple. Of one piece; not compound. 

 Sinuate. With the outline of the margin strongly wavy. 

 Sinus. The cleft or recess between two lobes. 

 Smooth. Without roughness or pubescence. 



Spatulate. Gradually narrowed downward from a rounded summit. 

 Species. The unit in classification ; used either as singular or plural. 

 Spine. A sharp woody or rigid outgrowth from the stem. 

 Spinose. Spine-like. 



Stamen. One of the pollen-bearing organs of the flower. 

 Stellate, stelliform. Star-shaped; said of star-like dots on the apple. 

 Stem. The main ascending axis of a plant. 

 Sterile. Unproductive, as a flower without pistil, or stamen without an 



anther. 

 Stigma. That part of a pistil through which fertilization by the pollen is 



eflected; the part (usually apex) on which pollen is deposited. 

 Stigmatic. Belonging to or characteristic of the stigma. 

 Stipule. An appendage at the base of a petiole or on each side of its 



insertion. 

 Stolon. A runner, or any basal branch that is disposed to root. 

 Stoloniferous. Producing stolons. 



Striate. Marked with fine longitudinal lines or ridges. 

 Style. The usually attenuated portion of the pistil connecting the stigma 



and ovary. 

 Succulent. Juicy ; fleshy. 

 Sucker. A sprout or shoot arising from an underground root or stem; 



also, an adventitious shoot in the top of a plant, especially a vigorous 



shoot. 

 Suffrutescent. Slightly or obscurely shrubby. 

 Sulcate. Grooved or furrowed. 



Superior. Said of the ovary when it is free; above, in position. 

 Suture. A line of dehiscence. 

 Symmetrical (flower). Regular as to number of its parts: having the 



same number of parts in each circle. 



Tendril. The coiled thread-like organ by which some vines clasp an object. 

 Testa. The outer, commonly hard and brittle seed-coat. 



