PRUNING THE GRAPE IN EASTERN AMERICA 119 



an inch hole four feet from the butt. A horse is hitched to 

 this pole by a rope drawn throu^di the hole, and the pole, butt 

 to the ground, is then 

 pulled between rows, 

 the small end being 

 held in the right hand. 

 The pole, when skill- 

 fully used, collects 

 the brush, which is ^ ^ . , ., „ . 



, , , , Fig. 14. A go-devil for collecting pruninga. 



dumped at the end 



of the row by letting the small end fly over towards the horse. 

 The "go-devil," shown in Fig. 14, is another common device 

 for collecting prunings. 



The Trellis 



The trellis is a considerable item in the grape-grower's bud- 

 get, since it must be renewed every fifteen years or thereabouts. 

 Wires are strung in the North at the end of the second season 

 after planting, but in the South the growth is often so great 

 that the wires must be put up at the end of the first season. 

 Trellises are of the same general style for commercial vineyards ; 

 namely, two or three wires tautly stretched on firmly set posts. 

 Occasionally slat trellises are put up in gardens but these are 

 not to be recommended for any but ornamental purposes. 



Posts. 



Strong, durable posts of chestnut, locust, cedar, oak or reen- 

 forced cement are placed at such distance apart that two or 

 three vines can be set between each two posts. The distance 

 apart depends on the distance between vines, although the 

 tendency now is to have three vines between two posts. The 

 posts are from six to eight feet in length, the heaviest being 

 used as end posts. In hard stony soils it may be necessary to 



