TRAINING GRAPES IN EASTERN AMERICA 137 



posts, which will take three vines, eight feet apart, or two 

 vines twelve feet apart. After the posts are set, a three- 

 eighths-inch hole should be bored through each post, four 

 feet from the surface of the ground, in the direction in which 

 the row runs, leaving six inches or more of post above the hole. 

 These holes are for the admittance of the middle, lower wire 

 of the trellis. 



"For each end post prepare for cross-arm, a piece of two by 

 four hard pine or oak, two feet long, and at one inch from either 

 end, and one inch from the upper side, bore a three-eighths 

 of an inch bit-hole, or saw into upper side half an inch, which 

 will take less time and do as well, to pass the lateral wires 

 through, and in the middle of the lower side, saw a notch one- 

 half inch deep. For each intermediate post, prepare a board 

 of similar wood, two feet long, one inch thick by four broad, 

 and likewise bore or notch. 



"Through the holes in the posts run a No. 11 galvanized 

 wire, fasten at one end, tighten at the other end by a wire 

 stretcher and fasten. This will be the middle and lower wire 

 of the trellis, and all that will be needed the first year, when 

 the young vines are trained up a string, tied from the vine 

 (when set) to the wire, and along it. The arms, and the two 

 lateral wires which they bear, need not be put on the trellis 

 until after the vines are pruned and tied the next winter. To 

 put on the cross-arms, use no bolts or nails, only No. 11 gal- 

 vanized wire. 



"Each end cross-arm is placed inside the post, and against 

 it on top of the wire, already through the posts, notch-side 

 downward, straddling the wire, to keep it from sliding. Then 

 take a piece of same size wire, about seven feet long, pass one 

 end through the bit-hole or saw-notch, in one end of arm and 

 fasten it by looping and twisting about six inches of the end 

 back upon itself, then while one person holds the cross-arm 

 in place, the operator carries the wire down around the post 



