142 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



slats are then fastened to these wires to which the shoots are 

 tied. Two slats, fifteen inches apart, are provided on each 

 side of a fruiting cane, which, with the slat for the support of 

 the cane, give five to a vine. Or the ^'ine may be supported 

 by a stake driven in the ground. 



In both of these methods, a shoot must be taken out from 

 the head of the vine each season for the next season's fruiting- 

 wood. This shoot is tied to the central wire or slat and is 

 now allowed to fruit. Thus the vine starts each spring with 

 a single cane. Grapes are grown under these horizontal 

 methods chiefly, if not only, in the Hudson River Valley 

 and even here they are going out of use. 



Training on Arbors, Pergolas and as Ornamentals 



The grape is much used to cover arbors, pergolas, lattices 

 and to screen the sides of buildings, few climbing plants being 

 more ornamental. Leaf, fruit and vine have been favorite 

 subjects for reproduction by ornamental ists of all ages. As 

 yet, however, it is seldom seen in cultivated landscapes except 

 to secure shade and seclusion. 



Grown for aesthetic purposes, the grape is seldom fruitful, 

 for the vines can rarely be cultivated or deprived of their 

 luxuriant growth as in the vineyard. Nevertheless, grapes 

 grown as ornamentals can be trained so as to serve the double 

 purpose of ornamental and fruit-bearing plant. Grown on 

 the sides of a building, the grape often can be made to bear 

 large crops of choicely fine fruit. The ancients had learned 

 this, for the Psalmist says : " Thy wife shall be like the fruitful 

 vine by the sides of thine house." 



In all ornamental plantings on arbors or pergolas, if fruit is 

 to be considered, the permanent trunk is carried to the top of 

 the structure. Along this trunk, at intervals of eighteen inches, 

 spurs are left from which to renew the wood from year to year. 



