176 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



buds. At the second winter pruning, tlierefore, it will often be 



necessary to cut the vine back to two buds, as at the first winter 



pruning. 



Finally, a cane of the required length will be obtained. The 



vine is then formed as already described for the second winter 

 pruning of headed vines, except that the cane 

 is left longer. When such a vine is pruned, 

 spurs are left at intervals along the trunk, as 

 shown in Fig. 34. Each of these spurs is a 

 fruit spur and js also the commencement of 

 an arm. The future treatment of these arms 

 is the same as that of the arms in head 

 pruning. 



Horizoutal cordon.?. 



During the first two or three years, vines 

 which are to be given the form of horizontal 

 cordons are treated exactly as for vertical 

 cordons, that is, they are pruned back to two 

 buds each winter and the growth forced by 

 disbudding into a single cane during the summer. 



As soon as a well-ripened cane of the required length is ob- 

 tained, it is tied to a wire stretched horizontally along the row 

 at from fifteen to twenty-four inches from the ground. 



For this system of pruning, the rows should be twelve to 

 fourteen feet apart and the vines six, seven, or eight feet apart 

 in the rows. As the cordon or trunk of each vine should reach 

 the next vine, it will have to be six to eight feet long. The best 

 shape is obtained when the trunk is all formed one year from a 

 single cane. It is necessary, however, sometimes to take two 

 years for the formation of the trunk. In any case, the cane first 

 tied down sliould reach at least half way to the next \'ine. The 

 following year a new cane from the end of this should be used 

 to complete the full length of the trunk. 



Fig. 34. Verti- 

 cal cordon, young 

 vine pruned. 



