268 MANUAL OF AMERICAN GRAPE-GROWING 



easily removed, and are then thoroughly cleansed by being 

 passed through cleaning machines. They are then taken by 

 automatic carriers to another room, spread out on trays, 

 and exposed to a moist temperature of 130° F. to bring them 

 back to their normal condition. The raisins pass to the 

 seeding machine, where they are carried between rubber- 

 faced rollers and the impaling device of the seeding machine 

 which catches the seeds and removes them from the fruits as 

 they are flattened between the surfaces of the rollers. The 

 impaled seeds are removed from the roller by a whisking 

 device in such a way as to be caught in a separate receptacle. 

 The seeded raisins pass through chutes to the packing tables 

 on the floor below. 



"The seeded or loose raisins are packed in 50-pound boxes; 

 in 1-pound cartons, 36 to the case; in 12-ounce cartons, 45 to 

 the case ; and some in bulk in 25-pound boxes. 



" Information has recently been sent out to the effect that the 

 California Associated Raisin Co. is arranging to do away with 

 the grades in seeded raisins, so there will only be one grade. 

 This contemplates using all of the Three-Crown, the smallest 

 of the Four-Crown, and the best of the Two-Crown in one 

 blended grade. 



"From the seeds, formerly used as a fuel, a number of by- 

 products are now made. 



"The seeds and pedicels removed from the raisins in seeding 

 vary from 10 to 12 j)er cent of the original weight of the raisins 

 according to their conditions and quality. 



"The grading, seeding, facing, and packing have become 

 separate branches of the industry, and the work is nearly all 

 done by especially trained women, who have become experts 

 at it. The establishments in which this work is done furnish 

 employment for over 5000 persons. The aggregate pay roll 

 each month during the season is between $200,000 and 

 $350,000." 



