GRAPE BOTANY 301 



but for descriptive purposes the vine may well be divided into 

 the parts named. These chief organs are further divided as 

 follows : 



The root. 



Rool-crown : The region of the plant in which root and stem unite. 



Tap-root : The prolongation of the stem plunging vertically down- 

 ward. 



Rootlets : The ultimate divisions of the root ; usually of one season's 

 growth. 



Root-tips : The extreme ends of the rootlets. 



The roots of some species of the grape are soft and succulent 

 as those of V. vinlfera, while the same organs in other species, 

 as in most American grapes, are hard and fibrous. They may 

 also be few or numerous, deep or shallow, spreading or restricted, 

 fibrous or non-fibrous. The structure of the root thus becomes 

 important in distinguishing species. 



The stem. 



Stem or trunk: The unbranched main axis of the plant above 

 ground. 



Branches or arms : Main divisions of the trunk. 



Head : The region from which branches arise. 



Old wood : Parts of the vine older than one year. 



Canes : Wood of the current season. 



Spurs : Short pieces of the bases of canes ; usually one or two nodes 

 with a bud each. 



Renewal spurs: Spurs left to bear canes the following year. 



Shoots: Newly developed succulent stems with their leaves. 



Fruit-shoots : Flower and fruit-bearing shoots. 



Wood-shoots : Shoots which bear leaves onl}-. 



Laterals: Secondary shoots arising from main shoots. 



Water sprouts: Shoots arising from adventitious buds. 



Suckers: Shoots arising from below ground. 



Nodes: Joints in the stem from which leaves are or may be borne. 



Internodes : The part between two nodes. 



Diaphragm : The woody tissue which interrupts the pith at the node. 



Bloom: The powdery coating on the cane. 



Tendril: The coiled, thread-like organ by which the vine grasps an 

 object and clings to it. 



