GRAPE BOTANY 323 



southeastern quarter of the United States. Like iEsti\'ahs, 

 this speeies is not confined to streams and river banks but 

 frequently grows on higher land also. It is found in north 

 Missouri, Illinois, southwestern Wisconsin, Indiana, southern 

 Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, New York, south- 

 western Ontario, New Jersey and Maryland and by some 

 botanists is reported as far south as western North Carolina 

 and west Tennessee. 



The horticultural characters of Bicolor are much the same 

 as those of ^Estivalis. About the only points of difference are 

 that it is much hardier (some of the Wisconsin vines stand a 

 temperature as low as 20 degrees below zero) ; it is said to be 

 slightly less resistant to mildew and more resistant to phyl- 

 loxera. Like iEstivalis, Bicolor does not thrive on limy soils 

 and it is difficult to propagate from cuttings. The horticultural 

 possibilities of Bicolor are probably much the same as those of 

 ^stivalis, although many think it to be more promising for the 

 North. It is as yet cultivated but little. Its chief defect for 

 domestication is the small size of the fruit. 



9. J^itis candicans, Englem. Mustang Grape. 



Vine very vigorous, climbing ; shoots and petioles densely woolj^ 

 whitish or rust}' ; diaphragm thick ; tendrils intermittent. Leaves 

 with large stipules ; blade small, broadly cordate to reniform-ovate, 

 entire or in young shoots and on young vines and sprouts usually 

 deeply three- to five-, or even seven-lobed ; teeth shallow, sinuate ; 

 petiolar sinus shallow, wide, sometimes lacking ; dull, slightly rugose 

 above, dense wliitish pubescence below. Clusters small. Berries 

 medium to large, black, purple, green, or even whitish, thin blue bloom 

 or bloomless. Seeds usuallj^ three or four, large, short, plump, blunt, 

 notched ; chalaza oval, depressed, indistinct ; raphe a broad groove. 



The habitat of this grape extends from southern Oklahoma, 

 as a northern limit, southwesterly into IMexico. The western 

 boundary is the Pecos River. It is found on dry, alluvial, 

 sandy or limestone })ottonis or on limestone bluff lands and is 



