THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 127 



more closely Vitis cordifoUa, having the thick diaphragms and late bloom- 

 ing characters of the latter species, but the seeds resemble those of Riparia. 

 Rubra grows readily from cuttings and the roots are said to be very resist- 

 ant to phylloxera. It is not suthcienth' vigorous, however, to be recom- 

 mended as a stock. It is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental but is 

 of no horticultural importance beyond this. 



10. VITIS CORDIFOLIA Michx. 



I. (?) Linnaeus, Sp. PL, 1753:203. V. vui,pin.\. 2. (?) Marshall, 1785:165. V. Labrusca. 

 3. (?) Walter, 1788:242. V. vulpina 4. (?) Willdenow, i:ii8i. 1707. V. Vulpina. 5. Michaux, 

 2:231. 1803. 6. (?) Bartram. Dom. Enc, 5:291, 1S04. V. serotina. 7. (?) Muhlenberg, 

 1813:27. V. vulpi.N'a; V. cordifoUa; Winter grape. 8. Pursh, 1:169. 1814. V.incisa: V. vulpina; 

 Winter grape; Chicken grape. 9. Nuttall, 1:143. 1818. 10. Elliott. 2:688. 1824. 11. Rafinesque, 

 1830:15. V. vulpina; Frost grape; Winter grape; Fox grape. 12. Prince, 1830:194. Winter grape; 

 Chicken grape; Frost grape; V. serotina; V. incisa; V. vulpina. 13. Torrey, Fl. of .V. Y., 1:147. 

 1843. Winter grape; Frost grape. 14. Le Conte, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 6:273. 1853. 

 V. pullaria; Chicken grape. 15. Darlington, Fl. Cest.. 1853:50. Chicken grape; Winter grape; 

 Heart-leaved Vitis. 16. Buckley, U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt.. 1861:483. Winter grape; Fox grape. 

 17. (?) Saunders, U. S. D. A. Rpt.. 1869:82, 85, 87. 18. Engelmann. Mo. But. Rpt., 1872:60. Winter 

 grape; Frost grape; Chicken grape, ig. lb.. Busk. Cat., 1883:10, 11, 12, 14, 17. Frost grape. 20. 

 Bush., lb., 1883:24. 21. Munson, Atn. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:97, qS. 22. lb.. Am. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 

 1885:13V Frost grape; Sour or Pungent Winter grape. 23. Planchon. De Candolle's Mon. Phan., 

 5-323, 350. 1S87. v. vulpina, var. cordifoUa; V. vulpina; V. Virgi)iiana. 24. Munson, Gar. and 

 For., 3:474. 1890. 25. lb., U. S. D. A. Pom. Bui., 3:12. 1890. 26. Britton and Brown, 2:410. 

 1897. Frost grape; Cltickcn grape; Possum grape; Winter grape. 27. BaWey, Gray's Syn. Fl.. i:ji24. 

 1897. Trtw Frost grape; Chicken grape; Raccoon grape; V. pullaria; V. vulpina, var. cordifoUa. 

 28. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 17:557. 1898. 29. Munson, Tex. Sta. Bui., 56:218, 231, 240. 1900. 

 Sour Winter grape; Frost grape. 30. Viala and Ravaz, .4;;;. Vines. 1903:42, 76. 



Vine very vigorous, climbing. Shoots rather slender; internodes long, slightly 

 angular, usually glabrous, sometimes slightly pubescent; diaphragms thick; tendrils 

 intermittent, long, usually bifid. Leaves with short, broad stipules ; leaf-blade medium 

 to large, cordate, entire or sometimes indistinctly three-lobed ; petiolar sinus deep, 

 usually narrow, acute; margin with rather coarse angular teeth; point of leaf acuminate; 

 upper surface rather light green, glossy, glabrous; glabrous or sparingly pubescent 

 below. Clusters medium to large, loose, with long peduncle. Berries numerous and 

 small, black, shining, little or no bloom. Seeds medium in size, rather broad, beak 

 rather short; chalaza oval or roundish, elevated, very distinct; raphe a distinct, cord- 

 like ridge. Fruit usually- sour and astringent and frequently consisting of little besides 

 skins and seeds. Leafing, flowering and ripening fruit very late. 



Owing to the fact that Cordifolia and Riparia have been badly 

 confused in the past, the limits of the habitat of this species are difficult 



