THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 147 



2 1. VITIS CANDICANS Engelm. 



I. Engelmann, Gray's PL Lindh., 2:166. 1845. 2. U.S. Pat. Off. Rpt., 1847:198. Mustang 

 GRAPE. 3. Engelmann, Gray's PI. Wright., 1:32. 1852. 4. Vanzandt, Gar. Man.. 1:166. 1859. 

 Mustang grape. 5. Affleck, Mag. Hort.. 26:98. i860. Mustang grape. 6. Buckley, U. S. Pat. 

 Off. Rpt., 1861:482. V. Mustangensis; Mustang grape. 7. Engelmann, .4 in. Nat., 2:^21. 1868. 

 Mustang grape. 8. Koch, HI. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1868:82. V. Mustangensis; Mustang grape. 9. 

 Engelmann, Mo. Ent. Rpt., 1874:76. V. Mustangensis; Mustang grape. 10. lb., Bush. Cat., 1883: 

 10, II, 12, 14, 15. V. Mustangensis; Mustang grape. 11. Munson, Am. Hort. Soc. Rpt.. 1885: 

 137. V. Mustangensis. 12. Ih.. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:1)1, gS. Mustang grape. 13. Planchon, 

 De Candolle's Mon. Phan.. 1887:323, 326. V. Mustangensis; Mustang grape. 14. Munson, Soc. 

 Prom. Ag.Sci. Rpt., 1887:59. Mustang grape. 15. lb., U. S. D. A. Pom. Bui, 3:10. 1890. 16. lb.. 

 Bush. ,Cat., 1894:20, 22, 25. Mustang grape. 17. lb.. Rural N. Y., 56:610. 1897. Mustang. 

 18. Bailey, Gray's Syn. FL, 1:428. 1897. Mustang grape. 19. Munson, Tex. Sta. Bui.. 56:232, 234. 

 240, 267. 1900. Mustang graf>e. 20. Viala and Ravaz. Am. Vines. 1903:42, 54. 



Vine very vigorous, climl)ing; shoots and petioles densely woolly, whitish or rusty; 

 diaphragm thick; tendrils intermittent (according to Munson, rarely four continuous). 

 Leaves with medium to large stipules; blade small to medium, broadly cordate to reni- 

 form ovate, frequently resembling those of a poplar, entire or in young shoots and on 

 young vines and sprouts usually deeply from three- to five-, or even seven-lobed; teeth 

 shallow, sinuate; petiolar sinus shallow, wide, sometimes lacking; dull, slightly rugose 

 above, dense whitish pubescence below. Clusters small. Berries medium to large, 

 black, purple, green, or even whitish, thin blue bloom or bloomless. Seeds usually 

 three or four, large, short, plump, blunt, notched; chalaza oval, depressed, indistinct; 

 raphe a broad groove. 



Candicans was described and named b}' Engelmann in his accotmt of 

 certain plants sent from Texas by Lindheimer. In 1 86 1 it was described 

 by Buckley who seems to have been unaware of the species having been 

 previottsly named. 



The habitat of this grape extends from southern Oklahoma, as a 

 northern limit, southwesterly into Mexico. The western boundary is the 

 Pecos River. It is found on dry, alkivial, sandy or limestone bottoms or 

 on limestone bluff lands and is said to l)e especially abundant along upland 

 ravines. Candicans grows well on limestone lands enduring as much as 

 60 per ct. of carbonate of lime in the soil. The species blooms shortly 

 before Labrusca and a week later than Riparia. It requires the long hot 

 summers of its native country and will stand extreme drouth but is not 

 hardy to cold, ten or fifteen degrees below zero killing the vine outright 

 unless protected; and a lesser degree of cold injuring it severely. The 



