IJO THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 



II. Rafinesque, 1830:10. V. latifolia; V. latirina; V. Labrusca; Fox grape. 12. lb., 1830:11. 

 V. luteola; Variable grape. 13. Prince, 1830:180. V. Labrusca, var. nigra; Black Fox; 

 Purple Fox; V. taurina; V. vtdpina. 14. lb., 1830:181. V. Labrusca, var. alba; White 

 Fox. 15. lb., 1830:182. V. Labrusca, var. rosea; Red Fox. 16. Torrey, Fl. of N. Y., 1:146. 

 1843. Fox grape. 17. Darlington, Fl. Cest., 1853:50. Fox grape of the Northern States, not of 

 Va. 18. Le Conte, Froc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1853:270. V. sylvestris; Fox grape; V. occidcntalis; 

 V . vulpina; V. latifolia; V. canina; V. luteola; V. rugosa; V . fcrruginea; V . labruscoides ; V. blanda; 

 V. prolifera; V. obovata. 19. lb., U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt., 1857:228. Fox grape; V. sylvestris; V. occi- 

 dentalis; V. vulpina; V. latifolia; 1'. canina; V. luteola; V. rugosa; V. ferruginea; V. labruscoides; 

 V. prolifica; V. obovata. 20. Buckley, lb., 1861:481. Frost grape. Fox grape of the Northern 

 States. 21. Stayman, Gar. Mon., 11:37, 38. 39, 40. 1869. Northern Fox Grape. 22. Engelmann, 

 Mo. Fill. Rpt., 1872:61. Fox grape; Northern Fox grape. 23. lb.. Bush. Cat., 1883:9, 10, 11, 12, 

 13, 14, 19. Fox grape; Northern Fox grape. 24. Munson, Am. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1885:136. Fox 

 grape. 25. lb.. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.. 1885:97, 98, loi. 26. Planchon, De Candollc's Mon. Phan., 

 5:322, 324. 1887. Fox grape; Northern Fox grape; V. vinifera sylvestris americana; V. latifolia; 

 V. canina; V. luteola. 27. Munson, Soc. Prom. Ag. Sci. Rpt., 1887:59. Fox grape. 28. Pearson, 

 Gar. and For.. 2:584. i88g. 29. Munson. U. S. D. A. Pom. Bui., 3:11. 1890. 30. lb., Gar. and 

 For., 3:474. 1S90. 31. Britton and Brown, 2:408. 1897. Northern Fox grape; Plum grape. 



32. B.iiley, Gray's Syn. FL, 1:429. 1897. Fox grape; Skunk grape; V. vulpina; V. blandi. 



33. Mun.son, Tex. Sta. Bui., 56:232, 240. 1899. Northern Fox grape. 34. Viala and Ravaz, Am. 

 Vines, 1903:42, 45. 



Vine moderately vigorous, stocky, climbing; shoots cylindrical, densely pubescent; 

 diaphragms medium to rather thick; tendrils continuous, strong, bifid or trifid. Leaves 

 with long, cordate stipules, leaf-blade large, thick, broadly cordate or roundish; entire 

 to three-lobed, frequently notched; sinuses rounded; petiolar sinus variable in depth 

 and width, V-shaped ; margin with rather shallow, acute pointed, scalloped teeth ; upper 

 surface more or less rugose, dark green, on young leaves pubescent, becoming glabrous 

 when mature; lower surface covered with dense pubescence, more or less whitish on 

 young leaves, becoming rusty or dun-colored when mature. Clusters small to medium, 

 more or less compound, usually shouldered, compact; pedicels thick; peduncle short to 

 medium. Berries medium to large; skin thick, covered with considerable bloom, strong 

 musky or foxy aroma. Seeds two to four, large, distinctly notched, beak short; chalaza 

 oval in shape, indistinct, showing merely as a depression; raphe, a groove. (See Plate.) 



V^itis labrusca, the northern Fox grape, is mentioned in many of the 

 early writings of this country, particularly in those describing New Eng- 



interest in the classical studies then taught. His father was finally induced to educate young Lin- 

 naeus as a physician. Linnaeus was the greatest systematist in the history of botany. His general 

 system, though much modified, is still in use. Although he named many species of plants, it was 

 not as a traveler and explorer but as a recipient of the results of travels of others that the specimens 

 were secured from which the descriptions were made. Linnaeus died at Upsala, Sweden, in 177S. 

 His herbarium after his death was sold and finally became the property of the Linnaean Society of 

 London, where the specimens are frequently used by botanists from various parts of the world for 

 purposes of comparison. 



