154 THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 



defect is known as "shattering" or "shelling" among grape-growers and it 



is a serious weakness in certain varieties of Labrusca. It is said to be 



more sensitive in its wild state to mildew and rot than any other American 



species' but the evidence on this point does not seem to be wholly conclusive. 



In the South and in some parts of the middle West the leaves of all varieties 



of Labrusca sunburn and shrivel in the latter part of the summer. The 



vines do not endure drouth as well as Aestivalis or Riparia and not nearly so 



well as Rupestris. Pearson- reports that the Labruscas can be sprayed with 



copper sulphate mixtures with much less danger to the leaves than can 



Aestivalis. 



24. VITIS VINIFERA Linn. 



I. Linnaeus, S/J. PL, 1:202. 1753. 2. Speedily, 1791:1. 3. Willdenow, S/'. PL, 1:1180. 1797. 

 4. Bartram, Doni. Enc, 5:289. 1S04. 5. Rafinesque. 1830:7. Wine Grape. 6. Darlington, FL 

 Ccst., 1853:40. Wine grape; Foreign grape. 7. Buckley, U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt., 1861:480. Euro- 

 pean grape. 8. Stayman, Gar. Mon.. 11:38. 1869. European grape. 9. Bush, Grape Cult., 1:140. 

 1869. European grape. 10. Engelmann, Mo. Ent. Rpt., 1874:74. 11. Moore, Mich. Pom. Soc. 

 Rpt., 1875:36. 12. Engelmann, Bush. Cat., 1883:11, 12, 13, 14, ig. 13. Munson, Am. Hort. 

 Soc. Rpt., 1885:137. 14. De Candolle, Or. Cult. PL, 1885:191. 15. Onderdonk, U. S. D. A. 

 Rpt., 1887:652. 16. Planchon, De Candolle's Mon. Phan., 5:324, 353. 1887. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. 

 Rpt., 1889:107, 109. 18. Husmann, 1895:29, 187. 19. Munson, Rural .V. Y., 56:610. 1897. 20. 

 lb., Te.x. Sta. Bid., 56:231, 233, 240. 1900. Asiatic Wine grape. 21. Bailey, Cyc. Am. Hort., 

 4:1956. igo2. fig. of leaves. Wine grape; European grape. 22. Viala and Ravaz, Am. Vines, 

 1903:42, 115. 



Quite variable in vigor, not so high cHmbing as most American species. Tendrils 

 intermittent. Leaves rounded-cordate, rather thin, rather smooth, and when young, 

 shining, frequently more or less deeply three-, five-, or even seven-lobed ; usually glab- 

 rous but in some varieties the leaves and young shoots are hairy and even downy when 

 young; lobes rounded or pointed; teeth variable; petiolar sinus deep, narrow, usually 

 overlapping. Fruit, of cultivated varieties at least, very variable in size and color. 

 Berries of cultivated varieties usually oval though many varieties are globular fruited. 

 Seeds variable in size and shape, usually notched at upper end and characterized always 

 by bottle-necked, elongated beak; a rather broad, usually rough, slightly distinct cha- 

 laza situated rather high up on the seed; raphe indistinct. Flowers soon after Labrusca. 

 The roots are large, soft and spongy. A very variable species. 



Botanists have never agreed as to whether Vitis vinifera is a single 

 species or a coinbination of two or more species which has been cultivated 

 for so long that it is impossible to discover the original forms. The name, 



U/. S. D. A. Rpt., 1862:1c 

 ^Gar. and For., 2:584. 188 



