THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 173 



Vine very vigorous, usually hardy, not a heavy bearer, somewhat subject to mildew. 

 Canes medium to long, numerous, thick, light to dark brown; nodes enlarged, slightly 

 flattened; internodes below average length; diaphragm rather thick; pith large to 

 medium; shoots slightly pubescent; tendrils continuous, medium to long, bifid to trifid. 



Leaf-buds open in mid-season, of average size, short, rather thick, conical to obtuse. 

 Young leaves tinged with carmine on lower side extending beyond border of upper side. 

 Leaves medium to very large, thick; upper surface dark green, glossy, smooth, slightly 

 rugose on older leaves; lower surface pale green to indistinct bronze, pubescent; veins 

 rather indistinct; lobes usually three, terminal lobe acute; petiolar sinus medium to 

 deep, narrow, frequently closed and overlapping; lateral sinus shallow to a mere notch; 

 teeth shallow, narrow. Flowers open in mid-season, sterile; stamens reflexed. 



Fruit ripens about a week later than Moore Early, keeps well. Clusters of average 

 size or sometimes larger, medium to short, rather broad, irregularly tapering, not uni- 

 form, usually single-shouldered, loose to nearly compact; peduncle long to medium in 

 length, somewhat thick; pedicel longish, thick, wide at attachment to berry, covered 

 with numerous large warts; brush short, thick, greenish or with brown tinge. Berries 

 resemble Black Hamburg in general appearance but somewhat variable, averaging 

 large, oval to roundish, dark purplish-red or black, dull, covered with thick blue bloom, 

 hang well to pedicel, firm. Skin of average thickness, tough, adheres slightly to pulp, 

 contains a small amount of bright red pigment, strongly astringent. Flesh greenish, 

 translucent, somewhat tough, stringy, agreeably tart at skin but acid at center, good 

 in quality, resembling Black Hamburg. Seeds adherent, one to four, averaging three, 

 large, rather broad, long, plump, somewhat blunt, light brown; raphe usually obscure; 

 chalaza somewhat large, above center, irregularly circular, distinct. 



AUTUCHON 



(Riparia, Labrusca, Vinifera.) 



I. Downing, 1869:530. 2. Grape Cult.. 1:325, 334. 368. 1S69. fig. 3. Horticulturist, 24:10 

 1869. 4. lb., 25:74. 1870. 5. Grape Cull., 2:265. 187°- 6. Barry, 1872:424. 7. Horticulturist, 

 27:14. 1872. 8. Montreal llort. Soe. Rpt., 1881:150. 9. Bush. Cat., 1883:71. fig. 10. Minu. Horl. 

 Soc. Rpt., 1884:240. II. Can. Cen. Exp. Farms Rpt., 1891:134. 12. Traitc gen. de vit.. 5:200. 1903. 



Arnold's Xo. 5 (3). Arnold's No. 5 (i, 2. 4, 5. 6, 8, 9, 10, 12). 



Autuchon was introduced about 1870 with great ^clat. It was 

 heralded as the "best white grape in America — a veritable treasure." 

 Later it was grown and somewhat widely tested in France. But in neither 

 country has it come up to expectations. In America it has proved to be 

 somewhat tender to cold, an tmreliable bearer and subject to rot and mildew. 

 In France it shows the same weaknesses and is not as resistant to phylloxera 

 as are other and better American sorts. The quality of Autuchon is excel- 



