184 THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 



Bertrand is a southern variety, almost without question an offspring 

 of Herbemont, and so far as can be judged from the descriptions of others, 

 we not having seen the fruit, not nearly equal to its parent. The variety 

 is hardy only as far north as Marjdand and even in that State must be 

 planted in sheltered situations. 



Judge J. B. Jones, Herndon, Burke County, Georgia, found Bertrand as 

 an accidental seedling, which had germinated in the spring of 1878. Judge 

 Jones gives the species as being Cordifolia but Berckmans says it looks 

 like an Aestivalis; it is now generally classed in the Bourquiniana group. 

 The following description of this variety is compiled from various sources: 



Vine vigorous. Cluster above medium to rather large, usuall}- conical, most often 

 shouldered, moderately compact ; peduncle long. Berries below medium in size, round, 

 black with blue bloom; flesh melting, juicy, very high flavored. Skin thin, tough. 

 Ripens late. Seeds few. Very productive in the South. Of value only for wine. 



BLACK DEFIANCE. 



(Labrusca, Vinifera.) 



I. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt.. i868:io. (No name given.) 2. Bush. Cat.. 1883:75. 3. Okla. Sta. 

 Bui, 14:6. :89s. 4. Husmann, 1895:31. 5. Mo. Sta. Bui. 46:37, 43. 7^- '899. 6. Ga. Sla. Bui, 

 53:41. 1901. 



UnderhilVs 8-8 Hybrid (2). 



Black Defiance is one of Stephen Underhill's Vinifera-Labrusca hybrids, 

 at one time quite popular as a late table grape, but now superseded by 

 thriftier varieties. It ripens too late to be of much value in New York. 

 When phylloxera had driven French grape-growers to look to America 

 for varieties of grapes, and before grafting on resistant stocks was practiced 

 in that country, Black Defiance was looked upon with much favor in France 

 where it succeeded very well. The fruit is distinguished by the size, lus- 

 trous blackness and handsome bloom of the berry. It is now rarely culti- 

 vated in New York having been replaced by varieties more certain to 

 mature in this State. 



Stephen Underbill of Croton-on-Hudson, New York, produced Black 

 Defiance from seed of Concord fertilized by Black Prince. It first fruited 

 in 1866. The variety was introduced without the originator's consent. 



Black Defiance is described as follows : ' 



' Tex. Sta. Bui, 48:1153- 1898. 



