190 



THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 



pose and as a good starting point from which to breed wine grapes. So far, 

 though grown for more than thirty years, its culture is confined to the 

 islands in Lake Erie devoted to grape-growing and the variety can hardly 

 be said to be known in New York. It is probably too late for most parts 

 of New York as it ripens with Catawba. 



Black Pearl was originated by Casper Schraidt of Put-in-bay, Ohio, 

 over thirt\- years ago. The originator states that it is a seedling of Delaware 

 but this has generally been discredited, as the vine is evidently of the 

 Riparia tvpe. Bush says it is probabh' a seedling of Clinton ov Taylor. 



Vine a strong grower, does not winter-kill, usually a good yielder, susceptible to 

 attacks of mildew. Canes are long, numerous, and of average thickness. Leaves are 

 intermediate in size. Flowers open in mid-season or before, sterile or nearly so ; stamens 

 refiexed. 



Fruit ripens with Catawba, keeps fairly well. Clusters small to medium, larger than 

 Clinton, medium to rather slender, tapering to cylindrical, often single-shouldered, 

 intermediate to compact. Berries below medium to very small, roundish, oblate or 

 frequently compressed on account of compactness of cluster, black, glossy, covered with 

 a moderate amount of blue bloom, persistent, firm. Skin thin, tender, adheres strongly 

 to the pulp, contains an unusually large amount of purpHsh-red pigment, astringent. 

 Flesh moderately juicy, usually with a decided red tinge, nearly tender, slightly spicy, 

 tart, medium to below in flavor and quality. Seeds, which adhere but little to the pulp, 

 are medium to below in size, short to medium, broad, slightly notched, blunt, dark 

 brown; raphe obscure; chalaza central, oval to circular, distinct. 



BRANT. 



(Riparia, Labrusca, Vinifera.) 



I. Downing, 1869:532. 2. .-liii. Joitr. Hort.. 6:qi. i86g. fig. 3. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1872:553. 

 4. Bks/;. Ta/., 1883:77, 71,1;. 5. Kan. Sta. Bnl. 44:110. 1803, 5. Tc.v. S/u. Sh/.. 48:1 14(1, 1 1 54. 1898. 

 Arnold's No. S. (i, 2, 4). 



Brant and Canada are full brothers and so near alike that the two 

 are often confounded with each other. Neither has ever become popular 

 in North America because of their susceptibility to fungi. As Riparia and 

 Vinifera ln-l)rids, the best of Arnold's seedlings from crosses of these two 

 species, they are of interest and of possible value in grape-l^reeding. Since 

 Brant and Canada are so nearly alike a discussion of one will suffice for 

 both and this is reserved for Canada, the better known and more valuable 

 of the two varieties. 



Charles Arnold of Paris, Canada, produced this variety sometime in 



