THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 199 



as the season advances, covered with heavy blue bloom, persistent, moderately firm. 

 Skin medium to thin, tough, does not crack, adheres slightly to the pulp, contains a 

 small amount of dark red pigment, somewhat astringent. Flesh greenish, translucent, 

 juicy, varying from rather tough to nearly soft, slightly coarse, not foxy, somewhat 

 vinous, nearly sweet from skin to center, quality good and improves by hanging on 

 the vines, superior to Concord. Seeds separate readily from the flesh, one to four, 

 average three, of medium size and length, rather broad, light brown, often with yellowish 

 tips; raphe obscure; chalaza intermediate in size, slightly above center, oval, obscure. 



CANADA. 



(Riparia, Labrusca, Vinifera.) 



I. Horticulturist, 22:363, 365. 1867. fig. 2. Rec. of Hort., 1868:44. 3- Downing, 1869:533. 

 4. Bush. Cat., 1883:79. fig. 5. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 10:494. 1891. 6. lb., 17:527, 54S, 554, 559. 

 189S. 7. Traite gen. de vit., 5:182. 1903. 



Arnold's No. 16 (i, 2, 5). Arnold's No. 18 (3, 4, 7). 



Canada is justly considered the most desirable of Arnold's several 

 hybrids of Riparia and Vinifera and is well known in Europe as well as in 

 America. In France when American varieties were being largely used in 

 the reconstruction of the vineyards destroyed by phylloxera, Canada was 

 one of the prime favorites, because of its short period for fruit development 

 and maturity and the comparatively high quality of the wine which could 

 be made from it. In America it has never gained great popularity on 

 account of its susceptibility to fungal diseases. In this respect as in some 

 others, it shows Vinifera more than Riparia parentage; thus in shape, 

 color and texture of foliage, in the flavor of the fruit, and in the seeds there 

 are decided indications of Vinifera while the vine, especially in the slender- 

 ness of the shoots, and the bunch and berry, shows Riparia. If, as is sur- 

 mised, there is some Lal:)rusca in Clinton, the Riparia parent of Canada, 

 there are no discernible traces of the first named species in this variety. 

 Canada and Brant, its full brother, are often confused with each other but 

 there are numerous minor differences in buds, foliage, canes, in the shape of 

 the bunch, in the seeds and in the time of ripening which a reading of the 

 descriptions of the two varieties will reveal. Canada has little value as a 

 dessert fruit but makes a very good red wine, having, according to the 

 French, a most agreeable bouquet, but in America it is surpassed by other 

 wine grapes in so many characters that it can probably never attain a 

 place in this country for other than breeding purposes. 



