228 THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 



It is said to make a deep yellow wine of very good quality. It has little or 

 no value as a table grape. 



Cunningham originated in the garden of Jacob Cunningham of Prince 

 Edward County, Virginia, about the year 1812. Cuttings of this vine were 

 sent by Dr. D. N. Norton of Richmond to Prince in 1829. Prince intro- 

 duced it to the public. Its botanical characters mark it as an offshoot of 

 the Herbemont group of Bourquiniana. 



The following description is a compilation from several sources: 



Vine very vigorous, spreading, rather productive, somewhat suceptible to mildew. 

 Canes large and long, with stiff reddish hairs at base ; shoots showing considerable bloom ; 

 tendrils intermittent, usually trifid. Leaves large, rather thick, roundish, entire 

 or slightly lobed ; smooth and dark green above, yellowish-green below and slightly 

 pubescent; petiolar sinus narrow, frequently overlapping. Clusters of medium size, 

 long, sometimes shouldered, very compact; peduncle short, strong; pedicel long, slender. 

 Berries small, purplish-black with thin, grayish bloom. Skin thin, tough with con- 

 siderable underlying pigment. Flesh tender, juicy, sprightly or somewhat acidly sweet. 

 Seeds two to five, rather oval : beak short; chalaza distinct; raphe showing as a ridge. 



CYNTHIANA. 



(Aestivalis, Labrusca.) 



I. U. S. D. A. Rpl., 1863:548. 2. Husmann, 1866:103. 3- lb-- 1866:104. 4. Gar. Mon., 

 11:149. i86g. 5. Grape Cull., 1:20, 239. 1869. 6. lb., 3:2. 1S71. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881:24. 

 8. Bush. Cat., 1883:88. fig. 9. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1891:127, 131. 10. 111. Sta. Bui., 28:253. 1893. 

 II. Mo. Sta. Bui., 46:38, 43, 45, 46, 50. 1899. 12. Kan. Sta. Bui., 110:246. 1902. 13. Traite gen. 

 de vit., 6:274. 1903- 



Arkans.\s (3). Arkansas (8). Norton (13). Norton Virginia (13). Norton's Virginia 

 Seedling (13). Red River (2, 5, 6, 8, 13). Vitis Norloni (13). 



Cynthiana is another southern grape impossible to grow in the North 

 and therefore of but general interest for this work. There has long been a 

 heated controversy as to whether this variety differs from Norton. Tlie 

 botanical differences between the two varieties are not greater than might 

 be attributed to environment, soil, climate and culture; but side by side 

 the two grapes ripen at different times, and the quality of the fruit, and 

 more particularly of the wine, is such that the varieties must be considered 

 as distinct. The distinction should be maintained for Cynthiana is the 

 better grape of the two. It has been much grown in France for its intrin- 

 sic value and in the reconstruction of vineyards destroyed by phylloxera. 



