THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 247 



Dutchess is another variety from A. J. Caywood * of Marlboro, New 

 York, from seed of a white Concord seedhng polhnated by mixed pollen 

 of Delaware and Walter planted in 1868. The white fruited maternal vine 

 was an offspring of Concord pollinated by Montgomery. Dutchess was 

 introduced by its originator about 1880. The variety was placed on the 

 grape list of the American Pomological Society fruit catalog in 1881 where 

 it has since been retained. 



Vine vigorous to weak, depending upon amount of winter injury, often not nardy, 

 an uncertain bearer, susceptible to mildew in some localities. Canes intermediate 

 in length and number, medium to below in size, moderately dark brown, covered 

 with a slight amount of bloom, surface usually somewhat roughened; nodes 

 slightly enlarged and flattened; intemodes short to very short; diaphragm unusually 

 thick; pith below average size; shoots slightly pubescent; tendrils intermittent, short, 

 bifid to trifid. 



Leaf-buds large to medium, short, thick to medium, conical to obtuse. Young 

 leaves faintly tinged on lower side and along margin of upper side with light rose-carmine. 

 Leaves above medium to below, irregular in outline, of average thickness; upper surface 

 light green, slightly glossy, moderately smooth; lower surface pale green, pubescent; 

 veins not distinct; leaf usually not lobed, with terminus slightly acute; petiolar sinus 

 of average depth, medium to narrow; basal sinus shallow when present; lateral sinus 

 varies from medium in depth to a mere notch; teeth intermediate in depth and width. 

 Flowers fertile or nearly so, open somewhat late; stamens upright. 



Fruit ripens in mid-season, keeps and ships well. Clusters large to medium, long, 

 rather slender, below average width, not very uniform, sHghtly tapering to cylindrical, 

 with prominent single shoulder, medium to compact; peduncle short to medium, not 



'Andrew Jackson Caywood was born near Modena, Ulster County, New York, in 1819. During 

 his early life he was a mason and contractor and engaged in building operations in Orange and Ulster 

 counties. When about twenty-five years of age he became interested in fruit culture and was soon 

 one of the leading fruit-growers in his section. Caywood's grape-breeding work appears to have 

 started about 1850, while he still lived at Modena. In 18G1 he removed to Poughkeepsie, and about 

 1865, what was probably his first grape, the Walter, was brought to the attention of the pubUc. In 

 1877 he removed to Marlboro, where for many years he conducted a nursery business in connection 

 ■with fruit raising, first under the firm name of Ferries & Caywood, and later as Caywood & Son, his 

 son Walter having entered the business. Caywood's last years were clouded with financial troubles 

 and failing health. In 1889 he died at his home m Marlboro. No record is available of Caywood's 

 productions nor his manner of work. He appears to have differed from the grape-breeders of his day 

 in that he produced second rather than first generation hybrids. Of these his most important pro- 

 ductions are; Dutchess, Metternich, Nectar, Poughkeepsie, Ulster and Walter, though he raised many- 

 others, most of which were never named nor disseminated. Caywood's years of unremitting labor in 

 improving grapes will long make his name prominent in American viticulture. 



