THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 249 



EARLY DAWN. 



(Labrusca, Vinifera, Aestivalis.) 



1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1875:67. 2. lb., 1881:43. 3. Downing, 1881 ;i66, app. 4. Bush. Cat., 

 1883:94. 5. Va. Sta. Bid., 30:108. 1893. 



Early Dawn is a black Labrusca- Vinifera hybrid of fine quality and 

 attractive appearance but so lacking in necessary vine characters in New 

 York as to be practically worthless. Although it originated in New York 

 it was never widely grown in this State. It is now, so far as records show, 

 nearly obsolete. 



Dr. Wm. A. M. Culbert of Newburgh, New York, is the originator of 

 Early Dawn, the date of its origin being some time abov:t 1870. It is 

 reported to have come from seed of Israella fertilized by Black Hamburg. 



Vine a fair to strong grower, not very hardy, medium to very productive. Canes 

 rather long, covered with thin blue bloom; tendrils intermittent, bifid to trifid. Leaves 

 medium to small; lower surface very pubescent and slightly hair}-. Flowers sterile 

 or nearly so, open in mid-season; stamens reflexed. Fruit ripens about two weeks 

 earlier than Concord, keeps and ships well. Clusters medium to large, nearly cylindrical, 

 irregular in outline, vary from not shouldered to a heavy single shoulder or sometimes 

 with a double shoulder, medium in compactness. Berries rather small, roundish, attract- 

 ive purplish-black, covered with heavy blue bloom, persistent. Flesh very juicy, 

 tender, slightly vinous, sprightly, agreeably tart, variable in flavor and quality, ranging 

 from fair to very good. Seeds not numerous, broad, plump. 



EARLY OHIO. 



(Labrusca.) 



I. An. Hort., 1892:176. 2. .V. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:619. 1893. 3. Rural N. Y., 53=645- 

 1894. fig. 4. Bush. Cat., 1894:119, 120. fig. 5. Wis. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:226. 1896. fig. 

 6. Rural M. Y., 56:627, fig., 630, 823. 1897. 7. .V. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 17:529, 548, 554- 1898. 



Early Ohio is remarkable, chiefly, in being one of the earliest com- 

 mercial grapes. The fruit resembles that of Concord, of which it is prob- 

 ably a seedling. The claims made for this variety that it is hardy, vig- 

 orous and productive, have not been borne out on the Station grounds; 

 but on the contrary the vine is somewhat tender, is not a strong grower, 

 and does not bear large crops. The quality is very poor. Now that the 

 South is sending many grapes of high quality to northern markets at the 

 time Early Ohio and other grapes of its season are ripening it is doubtful 

 if a grape having only earliness to commend it should have a place in our 



