THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 317 



tendrils, indicate Vtiis riparia, while foliage and fruit show both this 

 species and Vitis labriisca. 



Vine vigorous to very vigorous, healthy, hardy, productive to very productive. 

 Canes spiny, intermediate in length, numerous, medium to below in size, dark brown; 

 nodes flattened; internodes long to medium; diaphragm thick; pith intermediate in 

 size; shoots thinly pubescent; tendrils intermittent to continuous, long, bifid to trifid. 



Leaf-buds medium to below in size, short, thick, conical, prominent, open early. 

 Young leaves tinged on under side and faintly along margin of upper side with rose 

 carmine. Leaves small to medium, somewhat thin; upper surface variable in color, 

 glossy and smooth; lower surface pale green, sUghtly pubescent; veins indistinct; leaf 

 usually not lobed with tenninus acute; petiolar sinus intermediate in depth, narrow, 

 often closed and overlapping; basal and lateral sinuses lacking; teeth shallow, of average 

 width. Flowers fertile, open very early; stamens upright. 



Fruit ripens slightly earlier than Concord although it colors much earlier, keeps well. 

 Clusters medium to small, short, of average breadth, cylindrical to tapering, usually 

 single-shouldered, compact; peduncle short, slender; pedicel short, slender, covered 

 with small scattering warts; brush dark wine color. Berries intermediate in size, 

 roundish to slightly oval, dull black, covered with rather heavy blue bloom, usually 

 persistent, firm. Skin thick, medium to nearly tough, adheres slightly to the pulp, 

 contains considerable dark wine-colored pigment, astringent. Flesh pale reddish-green, 

 translucent, juicy, very tough, rather coarse, vinous, sweet next the skin but quite acid 

 at the center, fair in quality. Seeds adhere to the pulp, one to six, average three, above 

 medium in size, broad, often angular, rather blunt, dark brown; raphe obscure; chalaza 

 large, ovate, moderately distinct. 



JEFFERSON. 



(Labrusca, Vinifera.) 



I. Gar. Mon., 21:362. 1879. 2. lb., 22:142, 176, igi. 1880. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpi., 1881:33 

 44. 4. Downing, 1881:167 app. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881:24. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:83, 

 103, 105. 7. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1885-6:171. 8. Gar. and For., 3:178, 290. 1890. 9. Bush. Cat., 

 1894:143. fg. 10. N. Y. Sia. An. Rpt., 17:531, 548, 552. 1898. 11. Va. Sta. Bui., 94:137. 1898. 

 12. Kan. Sta. Bui., 110:239. 1902. 



Jefferson is the offspring of Concord crossed with lona, resembling 

 in vigor, productiveness and healthiness the Concord, though not equal 

 to it; and in color and quality of fruit the lona. It falls considerably short 

 of being an lona fruit on a Concord vine, however, which would have made 

 it one of the most valuable of American grapes. The vine produces its 

 fruit two weeks later than Concord and is not nearly as hardy, faults that 

 debar it from taking high rank as a commercial grape in New York. In 



