THE GRAPES OF NEW YORK. 361 



equally well. The skin of Niagara does not crack as easily as that of Con- 

 cord. The fruit shells as badly and does not keep much, if any, longer. 

 Both vines and fruits of Niagara are more susceptible to fungal diseases 

 than are those of Concord and especially to black-rot, which proves a 

 veritable scourge with this variety in unfavorable seasons and localities. 



It is likely that Niagara will continue for some time to be the lead- 

 ing green grape for the market. As long as grape consumers demand a 

 showy grape to be had at a low price, and w-ithotit much regard as to qualitv, 

 if the grape be passably good, Niagara will be popular. For those who 

 rank qualitv first, with appearance and reasonable cost as secondary con- 

 sideration, there are other green grapes superior. 



Niagara was produced by C. L. Hoag and B. W. Clark of Lockport, 

 Niagara County, New York. The originators state that the variety was 

 grov/n from seed of Concord fertilized by Cassady, planted in 1868, and 

 that it fruited for the first time in 1872. It was introduced about 1882 b}' 

 the Niagara Grape Company. In 1885 it was placed on the grape list of 

 the fruit catalog of the American Pomological Society. Niagara has attained 

 its greatest popularity and is most grown in New York and in the North. 

 In the grape regions of the South and Southwest, it is too susceptible to 

 fungi especially the mildews and black-rot. It is said that the quality of 

 the variety, however, is improved as grown to the southward and that 

 where comparatively free from diseases, or when they are controlled by 

 spraying, it becomes a profitable early market grape. In Ohio, Niagara 

 is grown more or less for wine. This variety is a typical white seedling 

 of Concord showing little trace of any other variety. 



Vine vigorous to medium, less hardy than Concord, productive to very productive, 

 somewhat subject to mildew and black-rot in unfavorable locations. Canes medium 

 to long, of average number, thick, dark reddish-brown deepening in color at the nodes 

 which are strongly enlarged and slightly flattened; internodes medium to long, thick; 

 pith large to medium; shoots pubescent; tendrils continuous, long, bifid to trifid. 



Leaf-buds medium in size and thickness, short, slightly compressed, conical to 

 pointed, open in mid-season. Young leaves lightly tinged on under side and along 

 margin of upper side with rose-carmine. Leaves medium to large, thick; upper surface 

 glossy, medium dark green, rather smooth; lower surface pale green, pubescent; veins 

 distinct ; lobes three to five with terminus acute to acuminate ; petiolar sinus intermediate 

 in depth and width; basal sinus shallow, wide, often toothed; lateral sinus of mean 



