1904.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 605 



are Tertiary, while those to the north of it are Cretaceous. The Ter- 

 tiary soils extend southward along the Atlantic to Florida. As the 

 soil over both the Cretaceous and Tertiary is composed of similar 

 materials, it is impossible to say, from surface indications, where one 

 ends and the other begins. We will deal with the flora of the 

 northern extension of these sandy stretches of Cretaceous age. On 

 Staten Island these strata are exposed in its extreme southern 

 portion. They doubtless extend over the entire southern and eastern 

 sections, but are mostly covered by a layer of material of variable 

 thickness derived from the glacial drift. On Long Island, the great 

 terminal moraine occupied a position marked by a range of hills extend- 

 ing throughout its whole length at an average distance of ten miles 

 from the Atlantic. South of these hills sandy plains prevail, the 

 material composing them having been formed partly from the modified 

 drift of the hills, partly from the underlying Cretaceous strata. 

 Those species detected on the Cretaceous soils of Staten Island, and 

 not on the drift, are thirty-four in number: Magnolia glaiica L., Hud- 

 sonia ericoides L., Ascyrum cnix-andrece L., Arenaria squarrosa Mich., 

 Polygala lutea L., Tephrosia virginiana Pers., Desmodiuvi Icevigatum 

 D. C, Desmodium viridiflorum Beck, Rubus cuneifolivs Pursh, Cra- 

 taegus parvifolia Ait., Eupatorium rotundifolium L., Astey- nemoralis 

 Ait., Aster concolor L., Chrysopsis mariana Nutt., Gnaphalium pur- 

 pureum L., Gaylussacia dumosa J. and G., Andromeda mariana L., 

 Kalmia angustifolia L., Ipomoea pandurata ^leyer, Phlox suhulata L., 

 Asclepias^ohtusijolia ]\Iichx., Eupliorhia ipecacuanha; L., Quercus nigra 

 L., Quercus prinoides Will., Quercus phellos L., Spiranthes simplex Gray, 

 Juncus scirpoides Lam. var. macrostemon, Xyris flexuosa Muhl., Cy- 

 perus cylindricus N. L. B., Stipa avcnacca L., Glyceria ohtusa Tin., Pani- 

 cum verrucosum Muhl., Andropogon macrourus Michx., Lycopodium 

 inundatum L. var. higelovii Tuck. Of these the following four have 

 been detected in Suffolk County, Long Island : Desmodium viridiflorum 

 Beck, Rubus cuneifolius Pursh, Ipomoea pandurata Meyer, Phlox subu- 

 lata L. In addition to the above list, however, the following sixteen 

 additional species have been detected in Suffolk county, Long Island : 

 Drosera filiformis Raf ., Ascyrum stans Michx., Eupatorium hyssopifolium 

 L., Eupatorium leucolepis T. and G., Eupatorium album L., Aster 

 spectabilis Ait., Solidago puberula Nutt., Chrysopsis falcata Ell., 

 Helianthus angustifolia L., Coreopsis rosea Nutt., Utricidaria subulata 

 Le Conte, Cupressus thyoides L., Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer, Xyris 

 caroliniana Walt., Eleocharis melanocarpa Torr., Sporobolus serotinus 

 Gray. Thus it appears that thirty-four of these characteristic pine 



