156 president's address. 



The volcanic zone bends easterly from here on account of the 

 easterly trend in the fold, which appears to make a loop towards 

 South Georgia before it swings back towards Cape Horn. That 

 there is a real easterly trend in the earth-fold at Trinity Land 

 and the South Shetlands is proved by the observations made by 

 the Astrolabe and Zelee expedition, which record a strike in a 

 N.N.E. and S.S.W. direction for the greyish-white limestones and 

 phyllite-schists at the South Orkneys."^ Towards Cape Horn from 

 near South Georgia the fold probably trends west-nor-westerly, 

 then follows an approximately meridional direction parallel with 

 the chain of the Andes. It may be noted, however, that whereas 

 the Erehus chain of Victoria Land is on the east side of the fold, 

 the Christen sen-Bridgman groujD are apparently on the opposite 

 side. This may be due to the fact that at the latter locality the 

 eastern slope of the fold is steeper than the western, as seems 

 i:)robable from the presence of the deep ocean abyss east of 

 Graham's Land, as shown on Dr. Murray's map. The volcanoes 

 of the Antarctic are thus situated on the same great earth-fold 

 which has determined the position of the Cordillera and coast 

 line of South America, and form part of that great " girdle of 

 fire " which runs round about the earth, from the Andes along 

 the west coast of North America and the Dominion of Canada 

 through the Aleutian and Kurile Islands towards Japan, thence 

 through various volcanic islands of the Pacific, including 

 Krakatoa, towards the north-east extremity of New Guinea, to 

 the Tonga Islands, and thence back to the White Island of New 

 Zealand. It is probable, therefore, that the volcanic chain of 

 Victoria Land will continue towards the South Pole, probably 

 bending somewhat to the eastward, and will thence change its 

 position to the fold on the other side of the Antarctic continent, 

 so as to run through the Christensen-Bridgman line of volcanoes. 

 In any case it is almost certain that high land, covered of course 

 more or less by snow and glaciers, will be found at the South Pole. 

 It may be mentioned here that the gneissic rocks in the small 

 islands off Terre Adelie strike in an east and west direction. 



Loc. cit. p. 32. 



