36 GEOLOGICAL NOTES ON KOSCIUSKO, 



The Wilkinson Valley. — The highest part of this valley, just 

 beneath Mount Townsend, was not examined by us, and the 

 following remarks apply only to the portion of it which lies 

 within a distance of about a mile below the above limit. 



Evidences of glacial action are not so fresh or distinct there as 

 in other localities, about to be described, at Kosciusko. Neither 

 grooved nor ice-scratched rocks were observed, but the granite 

 surface was seen to be smoothed and hollowed-out in a manner 

 which cannot well be explained except by ice-action, as Professor 

 Lendenfeld has already argued (12, p. 47). In the small valley, the 

 head of which is separated by a very low divide from the Wilkinson 

 Valley, and which lies immediately below and due west of the 

 Kosciusko Observatory, several low moraine banks were noticed 

 by us. The two principal ones bear about 315° and 333° 

 respectively from the Kosciusko Observatory. They are not more 

 than from 10 to at least 15 feet in height. 



The Snowy Valley {le/t branch). — As already mentioned, near 

 Ramshead Pass, which divides the head of the Snowy River from 

 the Lake May Yalley, the granite shows evidence of ice- wear up 

 to a level of about 7,150 feet, that is up to about 150 feet above 

 the level of Ramshead Pass. If a descent be made into the head 

 of the Snowy Valley from this pass, it will be seen that a large 

 amount of moraine material extends for several hundred feet 

 above the valley bottom. This is deposited chiefly on the west 

 side of the valley. Smoothed surfaces of quartzites were 

 observed at three places between the head of the valley and the 

 small recent landslip, \\ miles northerly from Ramshead Pass. 

 Beyond this point the valley bends sharply to the east, but if 

 the observer continues on a northerly course for a little over one- 

 quarter of a mile further so as to cross the Snowy and ascend 

 towards "Townsend's Pass," to the south of Lake Albina, he 

 comes upon a beautifully preserved remnant of a lateral moraine, 

 already alluded to by one of us (Mr. Helms, 7, p- 358). (See 

 Plate X., fig. 2). 



This moraine trends in a S.E. direction from Townsend's Pass 

 towards the Snowy River. It bears about N. 15° E. from 



