BY PROF. DAVID, RICHARD HELMS, AND B. F. PITTMAN. 55 



(1) Tasmania. —Mr, C. Gould, formerly Government Geologist, 

 Mr. C. P. Sprent, formerly Surveyor-General, and Mr. R. M. 

 Johnston, the present Government Statistician, have seen 

 evidences of glaciation in Tasmania in Cainozoic time. The last- 

 named authority has recorded these evidences in his large and 

 detailed work on the Geology of Tasmania, as well as in the 

 Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania (23, 34). 



Mr. T. B. Moore, M. E. J. Dunn, F.G.S., Mr. A. Montgomery, 

 M.A., and Messrs. Graham Officer, B.Sc, Lewis Balfour, B.A., 

 and E. G. Hogg, M.A., have all recorded clear and indisputable 

 evidences of glaciation in Tasmania in late Cainozoic time (26-29). 



There is some question as to (a) how much of the evidences are 

 Cainozoic and how much Permo-Carboniferous, and {h) as to how 

 low down the glaciation extended. 



All are agreed that the western highlands of Tasmania in late 

 Tertiary or Post-Tertiary time supported extensive glaciers, which 

 have left memorials of their former presence in the form of lakes, 

 tarns, terminal moraines, striated and grooved rock-surfaces and 

 glacially transported erratics. 



Mr. R. M. Johnston has published a map to show the directions 

 in which the ice moved in the Lake St. Clair district (25). 



It is also generally agreed that the evidences of this Pleistocene 

 or Pliocene glaciation are clear from levels of 4,000 feet or 

 upwards, down to at least 2,000 feet above the sea (27). 



Mr. A. Montgomery, M.A., the late Government Geologist of 

 Tasmania, makes the following statement (26) : — 



" I think we must come to the conclusion that the whole of 

 the deep gorges among these western mountains now occupied 

 by the head waters of the Pieman, Hent}^ and King Rivers, have 

 been at no wery distant period of time occupied by rivers of ice. 

 The erratic blocks noted by Mr. R. M. Johnston in the Mackintosh 

 Valley bear out this conclusion. . . . If we allow that the 

 deep valleys at the head of the Pieman were once occupied by 

 glaciers, we must admit that the ice came doiun to within 500 or 

 600 Jeet of the present sea level [the italics are ours], for these 

 gorges are very deep, or, perhaps, we should rather say, to points 



