BY PROF. DAVID, RICHARD HELMS, AND E. F. PITTMAN. 61 



Nordenskjold's conclusions are {op. cit. 30^-307), that towards 

 the close of the Pliocene Period glaciation set in in the Andean 

 Cordilleras, and enormous quantities of ice collected there giving 

 rise to extensive moraines and a huge development of pampean 

 glacial gravels. Then followed, in his opinion, an inter-glacial 

 period or temporary retreat of the glaciers, with powerful river 

 floods and redistribution of the earlier moraines, " then once more 

 the ice advanced {op. cit. p. 307) and extended far down the 

 valleys." He adds (op. cit. pp. 307-308), "Many reasons seem to 

 point to the glacial period having lasted down in these regions to, 

 from a geological point of view, quite a recent date, one of the 

 most telling being the great poverty in both the fauna and flora 

 in Terra del Fuego in comparison with Patagonia.'" 



A further account of the glacial deposits of Patagonia is given 

 in a later paper by Hatcher.* 



A very important paper bearing on this subject is that by Dr. 

 Francisco P. Moreno in the two numbers of the Geographical 

 Journal, f 



Dr. Moreno sums up as follows {op. cit. p. 370) : — " In Pata- 

 gonia an immense ice-sheet extended to the present Atlantic 

 Coast, and further east during the first ice period; while during 

 the second terminal moraines have been generally left as far as 

 30 miles north and 50 miles south to the east of the present crest 

 of the Cordillera. These ice-sheets, which scooped out the greater 

 part of the longitudinal depressions, and appear to have rapidly 

 retreated to the point where the glaciers now exist, did not 

 succeed in filling with their detritus, in their rapid retirement, 

 the Cordilleran fiords now occupied by deep lakes on the east and 

 by the Pacific channels on the west.'' 



* Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina. Tomo xlvii. Primer 

 Semestre de 1899. Buenos Aires, 1899. Estudios Geologicos de la Patagonia. 

 Per J. B. Hatcher. 



t Geographical Journal. Vol. xiv. No. 3, Sept., 1899, pp. 241-2G9, and 

 No. 4, Oct., 1899, pp. 353-378. 



