62 GEOLOGICAL NOTES ON KOSCIUSKO, 



With reference to evidences of former greater extension of the 

 Andean glaciers further north, Sir Martin Conway states* {oj). cit. 

 p. 15), "Evidence is plentiful that in ancient times the glaciers 

 enveloped a large part of these slopes, and reached down many miles 

 further than they do now, depositing the rocks that they carried 

 into the waters of the ancient sea. ... In the immense 

 pile of debris deep valleys were afterwards cut by the action of 

 water, and into these valleys the glaciers in a second period of 

 advance (the italics are ours) protruded their snouts, depositing 

 moraines which can still be traced in siiic as much as four or even 

 five miles below the present limit of ice. One such glacier cast 

 was carefully examined by me near the foot of Mount Sorata. 

 The terminal moraine now forms the dam of a large lake, 500 

 feet above the level of whose waters the two lateral moraines can 

 be traced with perfect distinctness." 



The evidence, therefore, is overwhelming to show that South 

 America has in Cainozoic time passed through, at all events, two 

 distinct and extensive glaciations, which may range from very 

 late Pliocene into comparatively recent geological time. 



Y. — Summary. 



The evidence obtained in the Australian Alps proves (a) that 

 the snowfields of Kosciusko in late Cainozoic time sent small 

 glaciers down the valleys on either side of the Main Dividing 

 Range. 



On the western fall, that towards the Murray River, the 

 glaciers at Lake May and Lake Albina descended to levels 

 respectively of about at least as low as 6,600 feet and 6,300 feet. 

 On the eastern fall, towards the Snowy, the glaciers descended 

 to still lower levels. For example, the glacier from Lake 

 Merewether (Blue Lake) in Evidence Valley (Helms) descended 

 to at least as low as 5,800 feet, and probably to 5,500 

 feet. It would appear, therefore, that the glaciers at Kosciusko 



* Geographical Journal. Vol, xiv. No. 1. Explorations in the Bolivian 

 Andes. 



