"224 THE " SHOT-HOLE " FUNGI OF STONE-FRUIT TREES, 



an asterisk are found in Australia, although some of them are 

 not very common. Clado&porium caiyophilum, which causes 

 "freckle" in the Peach, is not known to produce "shot-hole" 

 here as in Ohio. Cercospora circumscissa is only recorded on 

 the Peach from Queensland by Massee, and Septoria amygdali was 

 only found in one locality associated with "shot-hole" in Almond- 

 leaves. Puccinia pruni has only been known very occasionally 

 to produce shot-hole effects, and there remain six species of fungi 

 which may be regarded as principally producing the disease in 

 Australia, viz. : — ■ 



Clasterosporium amygdalearuni. 



Pliyllosticta prunicola. 



Ascochyta clilorospora. 



Gnomonia circumscissa. 



Eccolasidium vitis. ' * 



PJiyllosticta persiccB (including P. circumscissa). 



Clasterosporium a.mygdalearum is essentially the shot-hole 

 fungus of Australia, and is well fitted to survive and spread by 

 reason of its mode of life and the different stages in its life- 

 history which enable it to adapt itself to the various climatic 

 conditions prevailing. It has been found in such widely separated 

 localities as Victoria, South Australia, and New Zealand, and on 

 Almond and Apricot, Peach and Plum trees. 



It has been recorded as far back as 1883 for South Australia, 

 and not only occurs on the leaves, but likewise on the branches 

 and fruit of stone-fruit trees. During the growing season it pro- 

 duces abundant tufts of conidia, and they readily germinate if 

 the necessary moisture is present. It can live, grow and multiply 

 either upon fresh or dead tissue, and thus it can produce its 

 conidia either on living portions of the tree or on dead parts 

 separated from it. 



In addition to this, it can develop a pyenidial stage in which 

 the reproductive bodies are enclosed in a case and fitted to 

 survive the winter. 



Phyllosticta prunicola is found associated with and growing 

 ■among the tufts of C. amygdalearum and represents a higher 



