president's address. 17 



position, and the style takes up such a position that the open 

 mouth of the indusium is behind the two upper petals At this 

 time, the stigma begins to grow up from the bottom of the in- 

 dusium, and pushes the pollen out through the fringe of hairs 

 on its edge. An insect (and, so far as I have seen, only beetles 

 visit the flowers) pushing its way into the flower, causes the two 

 upper petals to part, and the elasticity of the style causes it to 

 bend downwards, the mouth touching the back of the insect, and 

 depositing the pollen thereon. At a later stage, the stigma 

 emerges from the cup, and then matures; and when a pollen- 

 dusted visitor arrives, the pollen is taken up in the same way 

 by the now sticky stigma. 



Mr. Haviland does not seem to have seen the pollen packed 

 in the indusium, nor the emergence of the stigma I followed 

 up Mr. Haviland's paper by one on another species (14), in which 

 I gave an account of the process up to the closing of the in- 

 dusium; and came to the not inexcusable conclusion that it was 

 a case of self-pollination. Mr. Haviland wrote a note criticising 

 my paper, and reiterating his opinion that pollination was 

 effected by insects receiving pollen from the anthers, and after- 

 wards placing it on the stigma. But in two later papers (16), I 

 gave my experience of a large number of flowers of Sccevola, 

 Selliera, Brunonia, and Dampiera, in all of which the process 

 is just as I have described above, although there are minor 

 diff'erences in details. Since then. Archdeacon Haviland, Mr. 

 E. Haviland's son, has described the pollination of Goodenia 

 cycloptera{i.%). His observations, in the main, agree with w^iat 

 I have stated, but he found that, at the stage when the pollen 

 ripened in the indusium, the mouth of the latter opened. This 

 is a feature that I have not observed in any of the species 

 examined by me. One of the conclusions in my first paper was, 

 that G. hederacea was self-pollinated. Evidently, in the later 

 papers, I liave not made it quite plain that I had abandoned 

 that idea, for Archdeacon Haviland, knowing that G. hederacea 

 was a decumbent species while G. ovata was an erect species, 

 cross-pollinated, looked into the question as to whether the erect 

 species might be cross- and the decumbent species self-pollinated. 

 2 



